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will shall 都表示将要,它们有何区别?

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答案和解析
助动词shall和will的用法和区别
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时.例如:
He will go to Shanghai.
他要去上海.
I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
如明天下雨我就不来.
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语.
He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海.
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称.现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
He shall come.他必须来.(shall有命令的意味.)
He will come.他要来.(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时.)
1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么.
比较:
"What shall I do next week?" I asked.
"我下周干什么?"我问道.(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should.)
2) would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:
He said he would come.他说他要来.
比较:
"I will go," he said.他说:"我要去那儿."
变成间接引语,就成了:
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would,go变成了come..
My brother will leave for the United States next week.
我的哥哥下星期要到美国去.
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称.现在,尤其是在口语中,will也常用于第一人称.
关于“shall/will”的用法的五个规则:
① 说或写都尽量使用“I'll,You'll,He'll,She'll,It'll,We'll,They'll …”的简缩形.例如:
I'll answer your question.
You'll read my blog.
He'll point out my mistake.
She'll like my essays.
It'll be a hot night for me.
We'll go to bed.
They'll wake up here.
②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来).
I won't see him again.
我不愿意再和他见面.
Who will go and help that poor old man?
谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?
Mary will.(玛丽愿意.)
③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”.
You shall not do that again.
你不可以再做那样的事.
He shall return that book tomorrow.
明天他必须把那本书归还.
④第一人称问句使用“shall”.
Shall I call you a taxi?
需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?
Shall we tell her the truth?
我们可以把实情告诉她吗?
⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ”;问句用“Will ”,答句就用“will ”.
Shall you go to school tomorrow?
你明天须要上学去吗?
Yes,I shall.We'll have an exam.
是的,我必须去.我们明天有考试.
Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
明天你要不要和我一道去学校?
No,I won't.I'm going on a picnic.
我不要.我已定好要去郊游.
注:Let's …的附加疑问通常使用“…,shall we ”.
Let's have a rest,shall we?
我们休息一下,怎样?
一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达.
1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)
It is going to rain.Take an umbrella with you.
带一把伞去.看样子就要下雨了.
The Browns are going to move to Australia.
布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去.
2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作.)
Let's wait a minute.He is about to arrive.
我们等一下.他即将会到达.
3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作.)
He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
他定于明天早晨到香港去.
4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作.)
She is to be here at 9:00 a.m.tomorrow.
她定于明晨九时到达这里.
5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观.)
He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.