1.hisschoolbagcontainsalotofbooks,includingacartoonbook.2.fifteenpeoplewerepresent,thechairmanincluded.这两个句子为什么include一个用现在分词,一个用过去分词

Question

1.his school bag contains a lot of books,including a cartoon book.
2.fifteen people were present,the chairman included.
这两个句子为什么include 一个用现在分词,一个用过去分词

Answer 1

1、including 表示“包括,包含”,是介词.
2、included 前面其实省略了“who was”,这里用过去分词作后置定语,与前面所修饰的名词chairman 存在着被动的关系.