帮我总结1些就近原则和就远原则的句型如题,高中英语常用的句型,越多越好

Question

帮我总结1些就近原则和就远原则的句型
如题,高中英语常用的句型,越多越好

Answer 1

Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：（参见“数词”部分.）
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 .e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十.
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用.e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间.
②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了.
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数.e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读.
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作.
4. "a number of (许多)/ a varlety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用.e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川.
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具.
但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数.e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番.
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富.
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数.e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难.
但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数.e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差.（指“学业成绩、能力”）
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何?
2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数.e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的.
②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各种办法都试过了.
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等.（但news（消息）是不可数名词,通常只作单数用.）
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用.e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语.
②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 废品堆在角落里.
2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用.e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲.
②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用.
③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西.
Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用.e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年.
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣.
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书.e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年.
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1. 大多作单数用.e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践.
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致.
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可.e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事.
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所买的是几本书.
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致.
I.在正式文体中：
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等.e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错.
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.
II. 非正式文体中：
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.