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(2014•平谷区一模)如图所示,电源电压U=12V不变,小灯泡L的额定电压为6V.闭合开关S,当滑动变阻器R的滑片P移至中点时,小灯泡L正常发光;当滑片P移至最左端时,小灯泡L的实际功率为4

题目详情
(2014•平谷区一模)如图所示,电源电压U=12V不变,小灯泡L的额定电压为6V.闭合开关S,当滑动变阻器R的滑片P移至中点时,小灯泡L正常发光;当滑片P移至最左端时,小灯泡L的实际功率为4W.则小灯泡的额定功率和滑动变阻器的最大阻值分别为(  )

A.9W    4Ω
B.9W    8Ω
C.4W    4Ω
D.4W    8Ω





▼优质解答
答案和解析
当滑动变阻器R的滑片P移至中点时,等效电路图如图1所示;当滑片P移至最左端时,等效电路图如图2所示.

图1中,灯泡正常发光时的电压ULL=6V,
因为串联电路中总电压等于各分电压之和,所以URR=U-ULL=12V-6V=6V;
因为串联电路中各处的电流相等,所以根据欧姆定律可得:
UL
UR
I1RL
I
1
2
R
=
RL
1
2
R
=
6V
6V
=
1
1

化简后可得:R=2RL
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
UL
UR
ULULULLURURURR
I1RL
I
1
2
R
=
RL
1
2
R
=
6V
6V
=
1
1

化简后可得:R=2RL
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
I1RL
I
1
2
R
I1RLI1RLI1RL1RLLI
1
2
R
I
1
2
R
I
1
2
R
1
2
111222R=
RL
1
2
R
=
6V
6V
=
1
1

化简后可得:R=2RL
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
RL
1
2
R
RLRLRLL
1
2
R
1
2
R
1
2
111222R=
6V
6V
=
1
1

化简后可得:R=2RL
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
6V
6V
6V6V6V6V6V6V=
1
1

化简后可得:R=2RL
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
1
1
111111,
化简后可得:R=2RLL,
在图1和图2中,电源的电压不变,则
I1
I2
=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
I1
I2
I1I1I11I2I2I22=
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
RL+R
RL+
1
2
R
RL+RRL+RRL+RL+RRL+
1
2
R
RL+
1
2
R
RL+
1
2
R
L+
1
2
111222R=
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
RL+2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
RL+2RLRL+2RLRL+2RLL+2RLLRL+
1
2
×2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
RL+
1
2
×2RL
L+
1
2
111222×2RLL=
3
2

UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
3
2
333222,
UL
UL′
=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
UL
UL′
ULULULLUL′UL′UL′L′=
I1RL
I2RL
=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
I1RL
I2RL
I1RLI1RLI1RL1RLLI2RLI2RLI2RL2RLL=
I1
I2
=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
I1
I2
I1I1I11I2I2I22=
3
2
,则UL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
3
2
333222,则ULL′=
2
3
UL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
2
3
222333ULL=
2
3
×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
2
3
222333×6V=4V,
在图2中,
由P=
U2
R
可知,RL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
U2
R
U2U2U22RRR可知,RLL=
(UL′)2
PL′
=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
(UL′)2
PL′
(UL′)2(UL′)2(UL′)2L′)22PL′PL′PL′L′=
(4V)2
4W
=4Ω,
则R=2RL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
(4V)2
4W
(4V)2(4V)2(4V)224W4W4W=4Ω,
则R=2RLL=2×4Ω=8Ω,
灯泡的额定功率:
PLL=
(UL)2
RL
=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
(UL)2
RL
(UL)2(UL)2(UL)2L)22RLRLRLL=
(6V)2
=9W.
故选B.
(6V)2
(6V)2(6V)2(6V)224Ω4Ω4Ω=9W.
故选B.
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