这句好难,讲马克思的,请帮帮翻一下thxthatthereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleorduringagivenepochformthefoundation

Question

这句好难,讲马克思的,请帮帮翻一下thx
that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions,the legal conceptions,art,and even the ideas on religion,of the people concerned have been evolved,and in the light of which they must,therefore,be explained,instead of vice versa,as had hitherto been the case.
如有可能请帮忙分析下语法点，

Answer 1

这是恩格斯对马克思的经典悼词,原文翻译如下：
所以,直接的物质生活资料的生产,和由此造就的一个民族或一个时代的特定经济发展阶段,便构建了一个物质基础；相关的人民的国-家-制-度,法的理念,艺术以至宗教观念,就是从这个基础上发展起来的——因而,也必须由这个基础来解释,而不是像过去那样做得相反.
这其实是一句话,主语是the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development ,（ attained by a given people or during a given epoch ）是economic development 的后置定语
form the foundation 是谓语和宾语.
upon which the state institutions,the legal conceptions,art,and even the ideas on religion,of the people concerned have been evolved,and in the light of which they must,therefore,be explained,instead of vice versa,as had hitherto been the case.
整个是一个比较长的后置定语从句,修饰和说明foundation.一般汉语翻译的时候会把这种比较复杂的后置定语单独再翻译成一句话,以符合汉语习惯.
在这个后置定语从句中,分并列的两部分,一,upon which the state institutions,the legal conceptions,art,and even the ideas on religion,of the people concerned have been evolved,
主语是have前面的一场串,谓语是后面的have been evolved,得以发展、演变.
and in the light of which they must,therefore,be explained,instead of vice versa,as had hitherto been the case.
这句话其实接的还是foundation,只是隔的有些远,in the light of 是说要根据前面的foundation来解释后面的那些观念理念,即马克思物质基础决定上层建筑的理论,而非唯心主义的意识决定物质.
大概分析一下就是这个样子.有问题再交流吧.读书读大意,不求甚解最好.