形而上学就是绝对的、片面的、静止的看问题,为什么不叫绝对论、片面论、静止论,而要叫形而上学呢?

Question

形而上学就是绝对的、片面的、静止的看问题,为什么不叫绝对论、片面论、静止论,而要叫形而上学呢?

Answer 1

形而上学是哲学的分支,其目的在于确定事物的真实本质,确定存在物的意义、结构和原理.在西方哲学史上,对形而上学有4种看法：①是对基本存在物(如精神和物质)的探求；②是一种“实在”(相对于“表象”)的科学；③是对世界整体的研究；④是第一原理(或本体)的理论.形而上学的字面意义是“物理学之后”,曾用于指亚里士多德著作中他自称的“第一哲学”那部分.亚里士多德为哲学家区分了两种任务：研究存在于自然界或现实世界的本质和特性,并探求“存在”以及“不动的物质”、“不动的行动者”的特点.前一条组成“第二哲学”,主要在他的《物理学》中论述；第二条也叫做“神学”(因为上帝是不动的行动者),在其著作《形而上学》中有论述.
Metaphysics
Metaphysics (Greek words meta = after/beyond and physics = nature) is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of "first principles" and "being" (ontology).
Problems that were not originally considered metaphysical have been added to metaphysics.Other problems that were considered metaphysical problems for centuries are now typically relegated to their own separate subheadings in philosophy,such as philosophy of religion,philosophy of mind,philosophy of perception,philosophy of language,and philosophy of science.In rare cases subjects of metaphysical research have been found to be entirely physical and natural,thus making them part of physics.