显示器分为多少类,分别有什么特点,用英语回答加上中文注析更好

Question

显示器分为多少类,分别有什么特点,用英语回答
加上中文注析更好

Answer 1

分为LCD(液晶)和CRT(普通阴极射线管)
英文的,用google搜索而得:
CRT Monitors
Sort for cathode-ray tubes, CRT monitors were the only choice consumers had for monitor technology for many years. Cathode ray tube (CRT) technology has been in use for more than 100 years, and is found in most televisions and computer monitors. A CRT works by moving an electron beam back and forth across the back of the screen. Each time the beam makes a pass across the screen, it lights up phosphor dots on the inside of the glass tube, thereby illuminating the active portions of the screen. By drawing many such lines from the top to the bottom of the screen, it creates an entire screen of images.
LCD/Flat panel Monitors
Short for liquid crystal display, LCD technology can be found in digital watches and computer monitors. LCD displays use two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light. Color LCD displays use two basic techniques for producing color: Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. The other technology, called thin film transistor (TFT) or active-matrix, produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays, but the technology is expensive.
中文的:
CRT(阴极射线管显示器）
CRT是cathode ray tube的简称,即阴极射线管.CRT是利用电子射线（阴极射线）在真空管中的加速和聚焦后照射到荧光体上使其发光显示图象的器件,他使处于低能态的电子激发到高能态,随后电子从高能态返回低能态时,将能量差以光的形式释放出来.对于我们的电脑显示器和电视,当阴极发射出电子时,通过的是电磁偏转,即偏转线圈改变的是磁场方向来实现偏转的.荧光屏连接的是阳极.以前的电视机水平扫描频率通常为15.75kHz(63.75us/1个画面),垂直扫描频率60Hz(16.7ms/1个画面).如果在几十个毫秒之内组合一个图象,人眼看见的图象就不会有滞留,是连续的.电脑显示器水平和垂直扫描频率分别为80kHz,90Hz.通过控制电子束的剂量可以调制荧光体的发光强度,这个剂量与阴极和相邻的第1栅极之间的电位差有关,实际上它还由加在阴极或者第1栅极上的图象电信号控制.
如果是彩色显示器,就不能仅仅通过电子束剂量来控制亮度了.彩色显示器所用的荧光色一般由红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)3原色混合而成.对于CRT,将发射R、G、B三色光的荧光体分别涂成点状、短条状、长条状,由三个电子枪分别使荧光体发光,为了使电子束能准确的击中各自的荧光体,要在荧光屏附近配置荫罩板.与R、G、B三色光对应的电子枪所发出的电子束剂量可以根据图象信号进行改变,它几乎科技再现所有的颜色.
LCD(液晶显示器)
液晶看上去是流动性的浑浊液体,同时还像晶体那样具有光学各向异性.实际上,液晶是具有棒撞或者板状分子结构的有机物,且在与棒状分子的长轴平行和垂直的方向上,或者在与板状分子的板面平行和垂直的方向上,具有不同的折射率.如果将液晶用于显示器件,必须对它做定向处理.
对于液晶显示器显示图象,通常是对每个微小的像素进行光调制.最简单的方法就是用条状的X-Y阵列电极夹住液晶,在Y电极上加扫描电压,在X电极上加信号电压.根据X、Y电极的电位差,可以控制液晶的光透射率,这就是单纯阵列,单纯阵列器件简单、便宜,但随着像素增多,容易产生交调失真,响应速度也容易受到液晶电容和驱动电路电阻组成CR电路的限制.于是研究人员研制出了活性阵列,即给每个像素加上一个二极管或者薄膜晶体管(TFT)来组成具有活性的开关器件.彩色LCD中,每个像素都在输出端的玻璃片上配置了R、G、B滤光片,通过各色信号亮度的相加混色来显示彩色.LCD除了光源(被照光)和玻璃片之外,还有偏振膜、定向膜、电极膜、液晶层、彩色滤光膜、驱动LSI等膜层.