急需！！有关与中西方饮食的英文资料..还有翻译。需要10多分钟的

Question

急需！！有关与中西方饮食的英文资料..还有翻译。
需要10多分钟的

Answer 1

一、两种不同的饮食观念
对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理，事物之理常为形上学理，形上学理互相连贯，便结成形上哲学。这一哲学给西方文化带来生机，使之在自然科学上、心理学上、方法论上实现了突飞猛进的发展。但在另一些方面，这种哲学主张大大地起了阻碍作用，如饮食文化。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，从洛杉矶到纽约，牛排都只有一种味道，无艺术可言。作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，一盘“法式羊排”，一边放土豆泥，旁倚羊排，另一边配煮青豆，加几片番茄便成。色彩上对比鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和，各是各的味，简单明了。
One, two kind of different diet idea the contrast pays great attention “the taste” the Chinese diet, the West is one kind of rational diet idea. No matter food color, smell and tastes, shape how, but the nutrition needs certainly to obtain the guarantee, is fastidious about one day to absorb how many quantity of heat, Vitamin, protein and so on. Even if the taste is stereotyped, must certainly eat - -, because has the nutrition. This diet idea is adapts with the Western entire philosophy system. Metaphysics is the Western philosophy main feature. The western philosophy studies the object principle of for the thing, principle of the thing often is the metaphysics principle, the metaphysics principle links up mutually, in constipation forming philosophy. This philosophy the culture brings the vitality for the West, caused it in the natural sciences, the psychology, the methodology to realize the development which progressed by leaps and bounds. But in another some aspects, this philosophy advocated that the big earth played the hindrance role, like diet culture. At the banquet, may be fastidious about the tableware, is fastidious about the needed materials, is fastidious about the service, is fastidious about raw material of the vegetable shape, color aspect matching; But no matter how luxurious upscale, from Los Angeles to New York, the beefsteak only then one kind of flavor, does not have art to be possible to say. As the cooked food, the chicken is the chicken, the beefsteak is a beefsteak, even if has matching, that is also carries on the plate, “the Buddhist ritual procedures mutton chop”, puts the mashed potatoes at the same time, side relies on the mutton chop, in addition matches at the same time boils the green beans, adds several piece of tomato then to become. In the color contrasts distinctively, but each raw material is mutually irrelevant in the taste, is well distributed, each is each taste, simple perspicuity.
二、中西饮食对象的差异
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
Two, China and the West diet object's difference the westerner thought that the cooked food is appeases hunger, therefore eats the bulk meat, the entire block chicken specially and so on “the hard vegetable”. But China's cooked food is “eats the taste”, therefore China cooks on the needed materials also appears the enormous capriciousness: Many westerners regard as abandons the things, in China is the extremely good raw material, the foreign chef is unable the thing which processes, as soon as arrives in the Chinese chef hand, may melt mysteriously decayed. Indicates the Chinese diet in needed materials aspectvastness capriciousness.
据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。
According to West's plant scholar's investigation, the vegetables which the Chinese eats has 600 many kinds, are more than six times the West. In fact, in Chinese's cooked food, the vegetarian dish is ordinary food, the meat dish is high when the holiday or the living standard, only then enters the ordinary diet structure, therefore then had “the vegetable food” since old times saying, the vegetable food occupies the dominant position in the ordinary diet structure. The Chinese take the plant as the piece de resistance, has thousand wisp of Wan Si contacting with Buddhist's promotion. They regard the animal are “the life”, but the plant “not works”, therefore, advocates the vegetarianism.
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。
The westerner in introduced when oneself country diet characteristic, thought that takes the nutrition
compared to China reasonable matching, has the more developed food industry, like canned food, fast-food and so on, although the taste is stereotyped, but saving of time, and the nutrition is good, therefore their country's person body is generally more vigorous and healthier than the Chinese: Gao Ge, longleg, spacious shoulder, developed muscle; But the Chinese appears the stature is thin and small, the shoulder narrow leg is short, color Huang Zhiruo. Some people act according to Western diet object obvious difference this characteristic, is called the plant disposition the Chinese, the westerner is called the animal disposition.
三、饮食方式的不同
中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。
In three, diet way's different West's diet way has is very greatly different, this kind of difference is also influential to the national disposition. In China, any banquet, no matter is any goal, only will have one form, will be everybody sits in a circle all round, shares one. The banquet must use the round table, this formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacy delicacies place a table of person's center, it is not only the object which table of people appreciate, taste, is also a table of person sentiment exchange intermedium. The people propose a toast mutually, offer food to a guest mutually, urge the vegetable, in front of the happy thing, has manifested the moral excellence which between the people respects mutually, gives precedence out of courtesy. Although looked from the hygienic angle, this diet way has the obvious deficiency, but it conforms to our nationality “the happy ending” the universal point of view, had reflected in the Chinese classical philosophy “and” this category to the descendant thought's influence, is advantageous for collective the emotion exchange, thus reforms with difficulty until now.
西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。
Western-style banquets, food and the liquor are freely important, but in fact that takes the set-off. Banquet's core lies in the friendship, through with the adjacent seat visitor's between conversation,achieves the friendship the goal. If banquet's friendship and dance resembling compared to, then may say, the Chinese type banquet is just like is a group dance, but the western-style banquet is just like is men's and women's social dancing. Thus it can be seen, the Chinese type banquet and the western-style banquet friendship's goal is very obvious, but the Chinese type banquet more manifests at complete meal's friendship, but the western-style banquet manifests much between the neighboring guest's friendship. Is more obvious what with the Chinese diet way's difference is the Western popular buffet. This law is: Will possess food 11 to exhibit, everybody according to his need, does not need to fix on the seat eats, takes a walk the freedom, this way is advantageous for between individual's emotion exchange, does not will certainly all words to suspend on the tabletop, also has displayed the westerner to the individuality, to the self-respect. But eats respectively each, did not harass mutually, lacks some Chinese to chat the happy altogether happy affective tone.