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非谓语动词的用法.不定式,动名词,分词.按句子成分划分时分别表示什么?

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非谓语动词的用法.
不定式,动名词,分词. 按句子成分划分时 分别表示什么?
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第九章:非谓语动词用法
【1.0】非限定性动词学习
【2.0】非限定性动词定义
【3.0】非限定性动词分类
【4.0】非限定性动词特点
【5.0】非限定性动词用法
【2.0】非限定性动词定义:不能在句中单独作谓语,并且没有人称和数的变化,不需要和主语保持人称和数的一致,不受主语限制的动词叫非限定性动词,也叫非谓语动词.
【3.0】非限定性动词分类:
【3.1】动词不定式(to do )
【3.2】动名词(doing )
【3.3】现在分词(doing)
【3.4】过去分词(done)
【4.0】非限定性动词特点
【4.1】不能单独在句中作谓语
【4.2】可以和助动词以及情态动词构成句子谓语
【4.3】 具有限定性动词特点.
【4.4】后面可以跟自己的宾语和状语.
【4.5】 具体有时态和语态的变化
【4.6】具有名词,形容词,副词等特点
【5.0】非限定性动词用法
【1.0】非限定性动词学习
【2.0】非限定性动词定义
【3.0】非限定性动词分类
【4.0】非限定性动词特点
【5.0】非限定性动词用法
【2.0】非限定性动词定义:不能在句中单独作谓语,并且没有人称和数的变化,不需要和主语保持人称和数的一致,不受主语限制的动词叫非限定性动词,也叫非谓语动词.
【3.0】非限定性动词分类:
【3.1】动词不定式(to do )
【3.2】动名词(doing )
【3.3】现在分词(doing)
【3.4】过去分词(done)
【4.0】非限定性动词特点
【4.1】不能单独在句中作谓语
【4.2】可以和助动词以及情态动词构成句子谓语
【4.3】 具有限定性动词特点.
【4.4】后面可以跟自己的宾语和状语.
【4.5】 具体有时态和语态的变化
【4.6】具有名词,形容词,副词等特点
【5.0】非限定性动词用法
(二):动词不定式(to do )概念及形式:
动词不定式:动词不定式属于非谓语动词其中一种,在句中无人称和数的限制,并在句中起名词;形容词;或副词作用的成分,其形式有2种;一种带不定式符号“to” ,一种不带不定式符号“to ”.
(一)作主语:相当于名词或代词的,往往用it 作形式主语替代,不定式真正主语放在句末
【1】To learn English is not easy .学英文不是容易事情
【2】To see is to believe.眼见为实
【3】It is difficult to learn Russian well .
学好俄语是很难的事情
【.4】 It is so hard for foreigners to learn Chinese
学汉语对外国人来说是非常难的
【5】It is the duty of the police to preserve public order.
警察的职责是维持公共持续
【6】It is kind of you to see me off at airport
你能在机场为我送行,真是太友好了
【7】It is necessary to make a study plan
制定一个学习计划是很有必要的
【8】It is important for students to go over their lessons after class
对学生来讲,课后复习他们功课是非常重要的
【.9】It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language
对我们来说,学一门外语是非常必要的
【10】It is possible for you to do the work
【11】To live in China is Mr.Smith’dream=It is Mr.Smith’s dream to live in China
在中国生活是史密斯的梦想
【12】To stop the work now seems impossible =It seems impossible to stop the work now
现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的
【13】To lean out of the window is dangerous.
把身子伸出窗外是危险的.
【14】To talk with him is a great pleasure.
和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事.
【15】To die for the people is a glorious death!
为人民而死,虽死犹荣.
动词不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而在句首用引词"作语法上的主语.上述两句即可改为:
【16】It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
和他谈话时件非常愉快的事情
【17】It is a glorious death to die for the people.
为人民而牺牲是光荣的牺牲
注意也常用"It is+形容词+动词不定式短语"这样的句型:
【18】It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划.
【19】It is not difficult to learn a foreign if you spend time and effort on it. 小只要你花时间下功夫,学好一门外国语并不难.
【20】It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的.(注意weep之前省去了to,以免重复)

(备注:当动词不定式比较长时,应该用it 作形式主语,把真正作主语不定式放到句子后面;动词不定前面可以加入for somebody 或者of somebody充当其逻辑主语;其句子结构为It is +形容词/名词+ for somebody / of somebody to do something;后面可以接of 的形容词:kind,bold,brave,clever,
honest,stupid
Right,wise;后面可以接for 的形容词有easy,difficult, important,heavy, necessary,possible )
(二)动词不定式(to do )作表语:表示主语职业;职责;内容;或性质;以及主语为what引导的名词行从句,起表语也可以用不定式
【1】 This house is to let (不定式放在系动词之后)
此房子出租
【2】 Her plan is to finish the work in two months
她的计划是在2个月完成这项工作
【3】His wish is become a teacher
他的愿望是成为一个老师
【4】It is for you to decide (不定式复合结构作表语)
这个需要由你来决定
The question is for you to answer
这个问题得由你来回答
【5】Our duty is to help those children (to)find their parents
我们职责是帮助那些孩子找到他们的父母
【6】Her job is to take care of the sick people
她的工作是照顾那些病人
【7】The intention of this book is to introduce popular music
这本书的目的时介绍流行音乐
【8】my wish is to travel around the world
我的愿望是周游世界
【9】what strikes me most is to see him always busy
给我印象最深的看见他一直都很忙
【10】what made me fail is to ignore the facts
让我失败的是忽视了这些事实
【11】To learn a language is to use it
学一门语言就是要使用它
【12】To save is to produce
节约等于创造
【13】Her wish is to become an astronaut.她的愿望是成为一名宇航员.
【14】Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作.
【15】His only desire was to be useful to the country.他唯一的愿望是做一个对国家有用的人.

(三)动词不定式(to do )作作宾语:主要是作某些特定的动词后面的宾语;需要熟练记住那些动词.
【1】 She promised to come back /return in half an hour
她答应半小时后回来
【1】He can not afford to buy a car
他买不起一辆汽车
【2】I hope to see you soon
我希望很快见到你
【3】I think it necessary to help each other
我认为相互帮助是必要的
【4】I find it impossible to get everything ready in time
我觉得及时准备一切事情是不可能的
【5】He considered it better not to go
他认为还是不去为比较好
【6】He wants to be a village school teacher in a mountain area.他要做个山村教师.
【7】Do you like to watch football matches? 你喜欢看足球赛吗?
【8】Learn to walk before you run.先学走后学跑.
【9】We decided to make changes in our plan.我们决定把计划做些修改.
(备注:能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree; begin;choose;decide;hope;learn;
like;offer;pretend;Promise;refuse;start;)
want;wish;fail;plan; 当动词不定式后面带补足语时,可以用it 作形式宾语,并把真正作宾语动词不定式放在句子后面;不定式作宾语后可以接补语的动词有:feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider )
(四)动词不定式(to do )作宾语补足语(不定式复合结构):主要是接特定动词后面做宾语补足语有些接“to ”不定式有些接不带“to ”不定式
【1】I want him to come 我想他来
【2】We consider him to be a good teacher
我们认为他是一个好老师
(备注:不定式可以和名词及代词构动词成复合结构;这样动词有:ask,tell, invite,allow,force,compel, oblige,help, wish,permit,want,like,prefer, expect,advise,persuade,
order ,urge,command,get.)
【3】I will get someone to repair the computer for you.
我们将会安排人为你修理那台电脑
【4】May I invite you to be present at the meeting?
我可以邀请你出席这场会议吗?
【5】The burglar forced this man to open his safe with gun
这个窃贼用枪逼迫那个人打开他的保险箱
【6】I saw the train come into the station
我看见火车开进了这个车站
【7】He does not let her go home alone
他不让他单独回家
【8】What makes you think like that ?
是什么让你那么认为的?
【9】We often hear him sing this old song
我们经常听见他唱这首老歌
【10】He is often heard to sing this old song
他被别人听见唱了这首歌曲
【11】He got someone to repair the door.他请人修理门.
【12】I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意.
【13】The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫劝他好好休息.
【14】Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用,洋为中用.
【15】He let me go home.他让我回家.
【16】We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱.
【17】I heard him speak in the next room.
我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话.
【18】Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.
妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子.
(备注,在一感,feel ,二听hear ,listen to ,三使have,let,make,五看 see, observe,notice,watch, look at 等动词后面跟复合宾语时,不定式“to"需要省略;但是被动语态”to"要加上口诀 一感五看三使两听=已感吾看三室两厅)
不带“to”的几种不定式几种特殊情况
(2)同一结构中的省略(and/ or )
【11】I want to finish my homework and go home
我想完成我家庭作业后然后再回家
I am really puzzled what to think or say
对想什么,说什么,我真的感觉很迷惑
特殊情况:To be or not to be , this is a question
是还是不是,这个是个问题
【12】 He is better to laugh than to cry (表示对比)
他笑起来要比哭起来要更好
(3)不定式作表语一般后面要加他“to”,但是前面如果有“do”时,则后面“to”应该省略
【13】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的时生活变得更容易而不是更困难
【14】What he did was lose the game
他所做的事输了这场比赛
【15】All that he can do is walk home
他所能做的事走着回家
5. 句子中含有动词do时,except ,but,besides,such as等后面to 省略
【16】Don't do anything silly, such as marry him
不要做傻事,像嫁个了他
【17】He wants to moved to France and marry this girl
他想移居法国然后娶了这个女孩
【18】He wants to do nothing but go out
除了出去,他什么事情都不想做
【19】She has no choice but to accept this method
除了接受这个方法,她已经没有任何选择
【20】He wants to do anything except go to school
除了去上学,他想做任何事情
【21】He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine
除了吃药,他什么都相信
6. 主句含有不定式why,why not, had better,或者rather than , can't but后省略to
【22】He could not but walk home
他不得不走路回去
【23】Why not try going by a boat for a change
为什么不改变一下,坐船去了呢?
【24】Why not take a holiday
为什么不度个假呢?
【25】You had better do this job by yourself
你最好还是亲自做这个工作
【26】He would rather die on his feet than live on his knees
他宁愿站着光荣牺牲,也不要跪着求活
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,可以省去to be:
【27】He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人.