关于一些英语句子的理解（请强人耐心地讲解下）1.原句-------Ifby“suburb”ismeantallurbanmarginthatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanizationbeganduringtheemergencyofth

Question

关于一些英语句子的理解（请强人耐心地讲解下）
1.原句-------If by “suburb” is meant all urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior,the process of suburbanization began during the emergency of the industrial city in the second quarter of nineteenth century.
为什么是by “suburb“ 不要翻译 意思我明白 只是 不知道为甚要这么用
2---------With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying stress----------conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when ,in1888,the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed.
意思不用翻译.conditions 做的什么成分,是同位语吗?还是定语从句?整体应该是一句话?
3---- 文章题目是”American Revolution“,但是文章的开头第一句话,The American Relvolution was .就是不大明白了这个the 究竟用在何时何地?很疑惑 ,还是一句这是美国人的地道用法 就随意带过?
4-----一般而言 of的用法是核心名词在前面 ,比如,students of school 即学校的学生,学校是修饰词,因为没有做过统计,感觉of 在英语句子中是出现频率最高的介词.
但是还有一种解释是,比如a different kind of university,masses of data ,a piece of cake 等核心名词在of 后面而不是在前面.像这种类似的翻译 只是一些特殊的结构 而像前面那种才是英语的常用 是不是?
5------------是不是定语从句 用逗号隔开后 还是可以只是修饰某个名词?如From the influnce of the father came modern inferential statistics ,which is based squarely on theories of probability.
6------------Before the 1850·s,the United States had a number of small colleges ,most of them dating from colonial days.这是什么结构?意思我都能理解.不知道是不是独立主格机构?分句可以换成“------which of them dated from colonial days”?
7 ----------Childeren were observed sa they slowly grasped ------or ,as the case might be ,bumped into -----concepts that adults take for granted ,as they refused,for instance ,to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a shout stout glass into a tall thin one .请分析下整句话的主谓宾定状补表的结构.
8--------insofar as 的具体用法
9--------Ecolosits pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens pubic transportions and parking lot capacities.为何主句是过去式 从句中用一般现在时?难道是因为从句的行为一直还在是持续或者是真理?这种类似的情况还有很多...
10-------These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to so in the not-too-distant future.already 为甚不是在have 之后 又是地道用法?还是创新?
11-------This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.总觉得这句定于从句结构怪.为什么没有都好呢?
第十一个：可不可以在the consequences of...的the 前面加上逗号?为什么?

Answer 1

1. by "suburb"来自mean的用法 to mean sth by (某种说法的意思是…),比如我们常在影视里听到的：“What do you mean by that?(你那么说是什么意思?)”,所以：by "suburb" is meant... = (我们)说“郊区”的意思是…
2. conditions前面的破折号很重要,两者连起来等价于“,which are conditions”,作为定语从句修饰前面的acute urban crowding and accompanying stress.
3. The American Relvolution是个专有名词,特指美国独立战争.但是放在标题时,诸如冠词、系动词之类的无实质意思的词都可以省略.
4. 你说的后面那种情况应该归类于量词的表达,尤其是不可数名词的表量方法.当然照你的理解也没错,of表示从属的意思“的”是它的主要用法.
5. 是的,实际上有逗号和没有逗号在意思上没有任何区别,只是阅读起来清晰一些.
6. 是独立主格结构,可以换成 most of which dated from colonial days.你的转换有些错误.
7. {主语Children} {谓语were observed} {状语从句as [主语they] [状语slowly] [谓语grasped ------or ,as the case might be ,bumped into -----] [宾语concepts (定语从句that adults take for granted)],[状语as they refused],[宾语同位语for instance ,to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a shout stout glass into a tall thin one ]}.
希望能看懂当中的层次：{ [ ( ) ] }
8. in so far as:
1)“至于...,就...而言”：You are qualified in so far as you don't cause problems. (就你不会制造麻烦而言,你是合格的.) = to the extent that
2) "只要…“：In so far as you are a student, you are free to use the library. (只要你是学生,便可免费使用该图书馆.) = as long as / since
9. 你的理解没错,从句中的情况一直持续或是真理就可以用一般现在时.比如：He said he goes to school at 7am everyday. / People started to realize that the earth moves around the sun.
10. 一般情况下是”have already + 过去分词“,但是如果当中又插入了其他副词（如你句中的radically）,为了让副词的表述更清晰,所以故意将already提前到have 前面.这可以说是一种变通用法.
11. 这句话如果改写成两个句子会比较好理 (1)This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies. (2) Its consequences produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
希望帮到你,祝你天天开心～～