notincluding等于except吗?including等于besides吗?

Question

not including等于except吗?including等于besides吗?

Answer 1

besides是“除了……之外还有……”
A,besides B,is there.除了B之外,A也在那里.
including的意思是“包括”..词典中是有这个词,不过一般见到的including都是从词根include变形而来
You should pay 5 dollars,including the postage.（include用ing形式表伴随）
这句话的意思是你付的5美元里面包含了邮费,如果用besides,则意思变为你除了邮费之外还要再付5美元.
except的意思是“除了……”I like all the sports except swimming.我喜欢除了游泳之外的所有运动.
not including是不包含,You paid 5 dollars,not including the postage.
你付了5美元,没有算上邮费.可以用except替代.一般情况下是相同的.