英语翻译1.3水施工中少不了水,但水往往是地下工程工程事故的祸根,因此处理好水可称谓是地下建筑安全施工二大要素之二.降排水不仅关系到改善工人下坑挖土、修整的劳动条件,更是提高土

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英语翻译
1.3水
施工中少不了水,但水往往是地下工程工程事故的祸根,因此处理好水可称谓是地下建筑安全施工二大要素之二.降排水不仅关系到改善工人下坑挖土、修整的劳动条件,更是提高土体强度(撑力)减少回弹,减小基坑变形的措施,而且也是纵坡稳定预防滑坡的重要措施.因挖土后边坡前后出现了水位差,便产生水在土坡中的渗流,对土坡的稳定是十分不利的.要十分重视降排水的效果,降排水效果也是组织快速施工不可缺少的重要保证.因此做好基坑工程的明水疏排和暗水降排是深基坑施工十分重要的不可缺少的技术措施.
2目前在深基坑开挖中常见的不安全的隐患
2．1支撑的及时性是关键工序
目前在工地巡查中不易反映出,多数无记录、问围护墙无支撑暴露时间多长?说不清,少数经仔细询问有的是“在5～7h,多的要花19h撑上支撑”.从《监测报表》反映有的测点变形值很大,已提出了报警(有累计值,也有一天的变化值)但没见到对策措施记录.
2．2支撑的可靠性、有效性存在的问题较多
(1)较多工地的斜撑焊接无仰焊,仅有的俯焊焊缝的质量达不到要求,漏焊、间断点焊为数不少.这会引起斜撑因较大的剪力而产生脱焊的危险.
(2)几乎每个工地都有契形针(传力垫块)契人深度不过中的,42cm长的契形针,有的竟只契入5cm,形成偏心传力.造成偏心的还有单块契入和二块契形传力垫块同向契人,甚至有用三块针同向契入的.有的站采用了箱型伸缩段的活络头,这种箱型伸缩段本身有一斜面,所以只需单块契形传力垫块,但也有用了二块、三块契入,造成偏心传力.当然,也有较好的工地42cm长的传专力垫块,契人后顶端的高度都能保持不过φ609管外缘高度.
(3)支撑承压端板与地下墙不密贴,有的用铁块来垫,也出现了用木块来垫的,造成偏心：较好的工地,端板电焊了200mmx200mmx20mm的中心传力垫块,其周边又用双陕砂浆垫塞.
(4)有的工地在支撑上堆上了土或支撑被混凝土块压而往往不当一回事的,个别工地竟在钢支撑上堆土并铺上走道板,停置挖机进行挖土的严重违章作业.
(5)有的工地竟用φ16和φ25钢筋代替传力垫块的,也有用2cm厚代替4cm厚塑块的.
(6)有支撑不直的(水平方向),有螺栓松动的(较多的工地存在),个别支撑还缺少螺栓.
(7)契形传力垫块加工不规范,用气割加工后不再刨平.致使使用的契形传力垫块不平整,有卷边毛刺,无法契人,产生偏心传力.应该说,凡未经刨床加工的和契形传力垫块斜率不—致的契形垫块都不准使用.应备制些宽度不同蚴巨形垫块,用来调节活络头伸缩段长短,而契形传力垫块只是用来契紧传力.
(8)普遍存在支撑与中间立柱桩的纵向联系梁抱箍抱得过死,不能在需要时进行调整.

Answer 1

1.3 Water
Construction and ultimately,water,water underground engineering projects are often the root cause of the accident,so the water can handle the title of an underground construction safety construction of the second two elements.Construction and ultimately,water,water underground engineering projects are often the root cause of the accident,so the water can handle the title of an underground construction safety construction of the second two elements.Down the drainage is not only related to the improvement of workers digging the next hole,finishing the working conditions,but also to improve soil strength (power up) to reduce the resilience and reduce the deformation of the measures,but also the longitudinal stability of an important measure to prevent landslides.Down the drainage is not only related to the improvement of workers digging the next hole,finishing the working conditions,but also to improve soil strength (power up) to reduce the resilience and reduce the deformation of the measures,but also the longitudinal stability of an important measure to prevent landslides.After the excavation slope due to a water level difference before and after,they have water in the seepage slopes,the stability of the slope is very negative.After the excavation slope due to a water level difference before and after,they have water in the seepage slopes,the stability of the slope is very negative.Attaches great importance to water down the effect of lowering the effect of drainage is also essential to rapid construction of an important guarantee.Attaches great importance to water down the effect of lowering the effect of drainage is also essential to rapid construction of an important guarantee.Foundation works so well out of water and dark water sparse row row down the importance of deep foundation pit construction is an indispensable technical measures.Foundation works so well out of water and dark water sparse row row down the importance of deep foundation pit construction is an indispensable technical measures.
2 in the deep excavation of the common problems of insecurity in the two common deep excavation of the hidden dangers of unsafe
2.1 The timeliness of support is the key processes to support the timeliness of 2.1 is the key process
Currently not reflected in the site inspection,the majority of non-recorded,asking not to support the parapet wall Wai long exposure time?A hard nut to crack,a few have been carefully asked "In the 5 7h,to spend more than 19h on the support up." Currently not reflected in the site inspection,the majority of non-recorded,asking not to support the parapet wall Wai long exposure time?A hard nut to crack,a few have been carefully asked "In the 5 7h,to spend more than 19h on the support up." From the "monitoring statements" to reflect the value of some deformation of the measuring point a lot,there have been alarm (with a total value,but also changes in the value of one day) but did not see the measures recorded.From the "monitoring statements" to reflect the value of some deformation of the measuring point a lot,there have been alarm (with a total value,but also changes in the value of one day) but did not see the measures recorded.
2.2 support the reliability,validity problems in the reliability of more 2.2 support,the question of the validity of the existence of more
(1) more welding braces site without Yang welding,seam welding bend only the quality of fail,leakage welding,spot welding a large number of discontinuity.(1) more welding braces site without Yang welding,seam welding bend only the quality of fail,leakage welding,spot welding a large number of discontinuity.This will cause bracing shear due to the larger danger arising鑴辩剨.This will cause bracing shear due to the larger danger arising鑴辩剨.
(2) Almost every site has Lease-shaped pin (Transmission pad) but the depth of mutual covenant of the people,42cm-long needle-shaped Lease,and some had only濂戝叆5cm,the formation of eccentric transmission.(2) Almost every site has Lease-shaped pin (Transmission pad) but the depth of mutual covenant of the people,42cm-long needle-shaped Lease,and some had only濂戝叆5cm,the formation of eccentric transmission.Were caused by a single eccentric and two濂戝叆Transmission Lease-shaped pad with the Lease,or even useful to the 3-pin with the濂戝叆.Were caused by a single eccentric and two濂戝叆Transmission Lease-shaped pad with the Lease,or even useful to the 3-pin with the濂戝叆.Some stations used telescopic box section of the first active,the box itself has a telescopic slope above,so only a single transmission block-shaped pad of mutual covenant,but also useful in the 2,3濂戝叆,resulting in eccentric mass force.Some stations used telescopic box section of the first active,the box itself has a telescopic slope above,so only a single transmission block-shaped pad of mutual covenant,but also useful in the 2,3濂戝叆,resulting in eccentric mass force.Of course,there are better site designed 42cm long power pad mass,after the top of mutual covenant to maintain a high degree of control but the outer edge of a high degree of 蠁609.Of course,there are better site designed 42cm long power pad mass,after the top of mutual covenant to maintain a high degree of control but the outer edge of a high degree of 蠁609.
(3) to support the underground pressure and end-plate affixed to the wall does not close,and some to pad with iron,there have also been used to pad the wood,resulting in eccentric:a good site,end-plate welding of the Center 200mmx200mmx20mm force pad,and its neighboring Shaanxi and mortar by double side pad.(3) to support the underground pressure and end-plate affixed to the wall does not close,and some to pad with iron,there have also been used to pad the wood,resulting in eccentric:a good site,end-plate welding of the Center 200mmx200mmx20mm force pad,and its neighboring Shaanxi and mortar by double side pad.
(4) Some of the site in support of the soil on the pile of concrete blocks or pressure support was often not regard as a matter of individual sites had the bulldozers in the steel support plate and covered walkways,parking the excavator digging machine severe regulations.(4) Some of the site in support of the soil on the pile of concrete blocks or pressure support was often not regard as a matter of individual sites had the bulldozers in the steel support plate and covered walkways,parking the excavator digging machine severe regulations.
(5) Some sites even use steel instead of 蠁16 and 蠁25 Transmission Pad,and also useful in lieu of 2cm thick 4cm thick plastic block.(5) Some sites even use steel instead of 蠁16 and 蠁25 Transmission Pad,and also useful in lieu of 2cm thick 4cm thick plastic block.
(6) there is support not straight (horizontal direction),there are loose bolts (the existence of more sites),also the lack of individual support bolts.(6) there is support not straight (horizontal direction),there are loose bolts (the existence of more sites),also the lack of individual support bolts.
(7) Lease-shaped pad Transmission processing non-standard,no longer use gas cutting plane level after processing.(7) Lease-shaped pad Transmission processing non-standard,no longer use gas cutting plane level after processing.Lease a result,the use of Transmission-shaped pad is not formed,there are crimping burr,not of mutual covenant,and have eccentric transmission.Lease a result,the use of Transmission-shaped pad is not formed,there are crimping burr,not of mutual covenant,and have eccentric transmission.It should be said that without planer and Lease processing pad-shaped slope of transmission does not - to shape the Lease are not allowed to use the pad.It should be said that without planer and Lease processing pad-shaped slope of transmission does not - to shape the Lease are not allowed to use the pad.Width should be more prepared granulosus huge different pad,used to adjust the active length of the first paragraph scalable,and Lease-shaped pad is used Transmission Transmission Lease tight.Width should be more prepared granulosus huge different pad,used to adjust the active length of the first paragraph scalable,and Lease-shaped pad is used Transmission Transmission Lease tight.
(8) widespread support of the middle column and the vertical beam pile hoop holds too have died,can not be adjusted when necessary.(8) widespread support of the middle column and the vertical beam pile hoop holds too have died,can not be adjusted when necessary.