这句话所包含的语法.1.Hehadhadalonganduncomfortabletrip,forhehadbeenconfinedtothewoodenboxforovereighteenhours.2.Hewassosurprisedatbeingdiscoveredthathedidnoteventrytorunaway.我正在背新概念第2册这2

Question

这句话所包含的语法.
1.He had had a long and uncomfortable trip,for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.
2.He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.
我正在背新概念第2册 这2句是第46课中的,我很不理解had had ; had been; being discovered是什么语法 还有句中的一些词
had ;confined ;surprised ;discovered; did ;run 为什么都是过去时呢?
请您帮助我理解下以上两句话 .

Answer 1

had had其实就是一般的过去完成时,只不过后面的动词是have,换成过去分词
就变成had了,不要被表面的两个一样的词所迷惑.
had been也是过去完成时,表示过去已经处于的状态.
being discovered指“被发现”,在介词at后,这部分就得变成动名词形式,
即等同于动词（动名词嘛,动词的名词形式咯）.
对于使用过去时,其实首先要理解这句话,它的本意是指示过去的事,因此句
子中得确定大体的事态为过去时,而其中又有完成时态,所以也得跟着变成过
去完成时（过去的过去发生的事）.