英语句子的成分一个完整的英语句子,是由哪些成分构成的,分别怎样判断,请举个句子来说明下.

Question

英语句子的成分
一个完整的英语句子,是由哪些成分构成的,分别怎样判断,请举个句子来说明下.

Answer 1

定义:组成句子的各个部分：即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
说明:主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,也是构成句子的必须部分,其它为可能有的部分.
一、主语
1.主语是一个句子的主题,也是句子的主体,表示句子主要说明的人或事物.
2.它的位置一般在句首.
3.一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当.
Little streams feed big rivers.(名词)
We study in No.1 Middle School.(代词)
To find your way can be a problem.(动词不定式)
Smoking is bad for you.(动名词)
Whenever you are ready will be fine.(从句)
Three’s enough.(数词)
二、谓语
1.谓语是说明主语的动作或状态.一般放在主语之后.
2.谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当.
3.谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致.
We work hard.(动词）
Mike likes his new book.
His parents are teachers.(连系动词+表语)
She is reading.
三、表语
1.表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等.
2.表语位于连系动词之后,二者构成系表结构,即合成谓语
3.表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当.
Her brother is a driver.(名词)
Are you ready?(形容词)
We were at home last night.(介词短语)
This book is mine,not yours.(代词)
Four and four is eight.(数词)
The film is exciting.(现在分词)
The cup is broken.(过去分词)
Our task is studying.(动名词)
I seem to have caught a cold.(动词不定式)
The problem is how we can finish it.(从句)
四、宾语
说明:1.宾语表示动作、行为的对象.
2.只有及物动词可带宾语,有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语.
3.由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当.
He often helps me.(代词)
We study English at school.(名词)
If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.(数词)
Remember to buy some stamps.(动词不定式)
He likes making you laugh.(动名词)
He said,"You are wrong."(句子)
Do you understand what I mean?(从句)
宾语的种类 :
1.一般是指及物动词的宾语,但也可以是介词的宾语.
We will remember your kindness.(及物动词的宾语)
Are you for or against this idea?(介词的宾语)
2.除及物动词和介词宾语外,某些形容词也可带宾语,多用动词不定式充当.
I am glad to see you.
It's sure to rain.
3.双宾语
(1)有些及物动词可带双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语.一般直接宾语指事物,而间接宾语指人,在句中二者同时应用.
(2)通常间接宾语放在直接宾语之前,有时亦可放在直接宾语之后,这时间接宾语前一般要加介词to或for.
(3)常用于带双宾语的动词有：answer,bring,buy,give,keep,lend,make,pay,sell,send,show,take,tell,write等.
I gave him my address.
--I gave my address to him.
I have found him a place.
--- ->I have found a place for him.
4.复合宾语：“宾语+宾语补足语”构成复合宾语.
No one ever saw Jim angry.
We call him Xiao Wang.
They found treasure in the chest.
I heard him sing a song.
I heard him singing a song.
I head a song sung.
5.形式宾语it与真宾语.在复合宾语中,如作宾语的是非限定动词短语或从句,这时常把宾语放在宾语补足语后,用it代替它的原位置,这it叫形式宾语,而放在宾语补足语后的宾语叫真宾语.
I think it important to study hard.
We think it no use trying it again.
I think it right that you decided to attend the meeting.
宾语的位置:
1.一般位于及物动词之后.
I lik you.
2.介词宾语位于介词之后.
He is fond of music.
3.双宾语的位置：
(1)一般是“间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)”或者“直接宾语＋介词(to或for)+间接宾语”.
(2)接双宾语用介词to的常见动词：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,take,write等.
Would you mind lending me a book?
--- ->Would you mind lending a book to me?
(3)接双宾语用介词for的常见动词：buy,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order等.
My mother bought me a new coat yesterday.
--- ->My mother bought a new coat for me yesterday.
(4)双宾语中一个是名词,一个是代词,一般是代词在前名词在后；如都是代词,通常是直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后.
I'll give them to my sister.
I'll give it to her.
4.形式宾语与真宾语的位置：...it +宾语补足语+真宾语.
We think it wrong that you told a lie.
5.动词＋副词的宾语位：
(1)如宾语是名词,放在副词前后均可.
(2)如宾语是代词,只能放在副词之前.
Turn the lights on.
Turn on the lights.
Turn them on.