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Astudy,bySanDiegoZooGlobalconservationists,releasedthisweek(Sept.12,2016)issheddingnewlightonhowscientistsevaluatepolarbeardietandweightlossduringtheirfasting(禁食)season.Onaverage,apolarbearlosesup
题目详情
A study,by San Diego Zoo Global conservationists,released this week (Sept.12,2016)is shedding new light on how scientists evaluate polar bear diet and weight loss during their fasting(禁食) season.On average,a polar bear loses up to 30percent of its total body mass(体重)while fasting during the open-water season.Although some scientists previously believed land-based foods could supplement(补充)the bears'nutritional needs until the sea ice returns,a new study published in the scientific journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology has revealed that access to terrestrial food is not sufficient to reduce the rate of body mass loss for fasting polar bears.
The study--undertaken by Manitoba Sustainable Development,the University of Alberta,and Environment and Climate Change Canada--weighed polar bears that were detained in the Polar Bear Holding Facility in Churchill,Manitoba,Canada from 2009 to 2014.Polar bears were kept in this facility as part of the Polar Bear Alert Program,which aims to reduce conflict between humans and polar bears around the town of Churchill.To prevent habituation,polar bears are not fed while in the facility,which allowed for a controlled measure of their weight loss.On average,polar bears lost 2.2 pounds(1 kilogram)of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging(自由放养的)bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay.Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities,polar bears lost the same amount of weight.
"Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land-based foods to offset the missing calories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,"said Nicholas Pilfold,Ph.D.,lead author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in Applied Animal Ecology at San Diego Zoo Global."Yet,our results contradict this,as unfed polar bears in our study lost mass at the same rate as free-ranging bears that had access to land-based food."
Researchers also estimated starvation timelines for adult males and subadults,and found that subadults were more likely to starve before their adult counterparts."Subadult polar bears have lower fat stores,and the added energy demands associated with growth,"said Pilfold,"Future reductions to on-ice hunting opportunities due to sea ice loss will affect the younger polar bears first--especially given that these bears are less-experienced hunters."
63.What is the finding of this newly-released study?___
A.Wild polar bears are facing the danger of starvation and extinction.
B.Land-based food can't meet the nutritional needs of wild polar ears.
C.Wild polar bears can avoid weight loss in a properly designed facility.
D.Traditional ways to measure polar bear diet and weight loss are not accurate.
64.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?___
A.It was actually part of the Polar Bear Alert Program.
B.It aimed to prevent the polar wildlife from extinction.
C.It compared the weight loss between unfed and free-ranging polar bears.
D.lt measured the weight of polar bears during on-ice hunting seasons.
65.The underlined word in the fourth paragraph means___.
A.take over
B.take up
C.make into
D.make up for
66.The reasons why subadults are more likely to suffer during open-water season include___.
They have less fat storage.
They need more energy for growth.
They lack hunting opportunities.
They are slower in adapting to ice loss.
A.①②B.③④C.①②③D.②③④
The study--undertaken by Manitoba Sustainable Development,the University of Alberta,and Environment and Climate Change Canada--weighed polar bears that were detained in the Polar Bear Holding Facility in Churchill,Manitoba,Canada from 2009 to 2014.Polar bears were kept in this facility as part of the Polar Bear Alert Program,which aims to reduce conflict between humans and polar bears around the town of Churchill.To prevent habituation,polar bears are not fed while in the facility,which allowed for a controlled measure of their weight loss.On average,polar bears lost 2.2 pounds(1 kilogram)of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging(自由放养的)bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay.Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities,polar bears lost the same amount of weight.
"Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land-based foods to offset the missing calories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,"said Nicholas Pilfold,Ph.D.,lead author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in Applied Animal Ecology at San Diego Zoo Global."Yet,our results contradict this,as unfed polar bears in our study lost mass at the same rate as free-ranging bears that had access to land-based food."
Researchers also estimated starvation timelines for adult males and subadults,and found that subadults were more likely to starve before their adult counterparts."Subadult polar bears have lower fat stores,and the added energy demands associated with growth,"said Pilfold,"Future reductions to on-ice hunting opportunities due to sea ice loss will affect the younger polar bears first--especially given that these bears are less-experienced hunters."
63.What is the finding of this newly-released study?___
A.Wild polar bears are facing the danger of starvation and extinction.
B.Land-based food can't meet the nutritional needs of wild polar ears.
C.Wild polar bears can avoid weight loss in a properly designed facility.
D.Traditional ways to measure polar bear diet and weight loss are not accurate.
64.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?___
A.It was actually part of the Polar Bear Alert Program.
B.It aimed to prevent the polar wildlife from extinction.
C.It compared the weight loss between unfed and free-ranging polar bears.
D.lt measured the weight of polar bears during on-ice hunting seasons.
65.The underlined word in the fourth paragraph means___.
A.take over
B.take up
C.make into
D.make up for
66.The reasons why subadults are more likely to suffer during open-water season include___.
They have less fat storage.
They need more energy for growth.
They lack hunting opportunities.
They are slower in adapting to ice loss.
A.①②B.③④C.①②③D.②③④
▼优质解答
答案和解析
63.B 细节题.根据文章内容Although some scientists previously believed land-based foods could supplement(补充)the bears'nutritional needs until the sea ice returns,a new study has revealed that access to terrestrial food is not sufficient to reduce the rate of body mass loss for fasting polar bears.尽管科学家之前相信,陆地食物补给可以满足北极熊的营养需求,但是最新的研究表明,在冰封时期没有海洋食物的支撑,北极熊靠陆地食物,体重有了大幅下降,结合选项,故选B
64.C 推理题.根据文章内容On average,polar bears lost 2.2 pounds(1 kilogram)of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging(自由放养的)bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay.Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities,polar bears lost the same amount of weight.在研究过程中,熊被人为的饲养起来,而体重会每天的减少.减少的体重和冰封时期自由放养时减少的体重相似,结合选项,故选C
65.D 词义猜测题.根据文章内容Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land-based foods to offset the missing calories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,"一些研究表明,北极熊能够适应陆地食物来对减轻的体重进行弥补,结合选项,故D符合文意.
66.A 细节题.根据文章内容."Subadult polar bears have lower fat stores,and the added energy demands associated with growth,"未成年的熊更容易饿是因为他们为长大,身体的脂肪存储量小,其次他们需要更多的能量来使得自己成长,结合选项,故选A
64.C 推理题.根据文章内容On average,polar bears lost 2.2 pounds(1 kilogram)of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging(自由放养的)bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay.Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities,polar bears lost the same amount of weight.在研究过程中,熊被人为的饲养起来,而体重会每天的减少.减少的体重和冰封时期自由放养时减少的体重相似,结合选项,故选C
65.D 词义猜测题.根据文章内容Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land-based foods to offset the missing calories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,"一些研究表明,北极熊能够适应陆地食物来对减轻的体重进行弥补,结合选项,故D符合文意.
66.A 细节题.根据文章内容."Subadult polar bears have lower fat stores,and the added energy demands associated with growth,"未成年的熊更容易饿是因为他们为长大,身体的脂肪存储量小,其次他们需要更多的能量来使得自己成长,结合选项,故选A
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