求简单手工翻译。拒绝机翻。翻译成功，在给100分。无论是在中国还是在西方，足球都是在跌宕起伏中发展。中国以蹴鞠一词来代表足球。而在西方，有点像足球的游戏叫做“哈帕斯托姆”

Question

求简单手工翻译。拒绝机翻。翻译成功，在给100分。无论是在中国还是在西方，足球都是在跌宕起伏中发展。中国以蹴鞠一词来代表足球。 而在西方，有点像足球的游戏叫做“哈帕斯托姆”， “哈帕斯托姆”的前身叫做“艾佩斯卡洛斯”。 ROBERT PIERPOINT(1916) 与L.L.K. 在Notes and Queries（1916）中对“哈帕斯托姆”进行了详细的研究介绍。而后Crowther,N.B（1997）的文章The ancient Greek game of episkyros 认为艾佩斯卡洛斯是“哈帕斯托姆”的前身，也是西方足球的发展源头。中国的蹴鞠起初是以军事训练为目的的一种活动，进而逐渐发展到享誉民间的一种娱乐活动。 中国足球运动的发展虽然援引了西方足球的发展制度，但始终不能走上世界顶级球队行列。虽然也有制度上的错误，但中外对比的结果也能让我们得出中国足球落后的原因。

Answer 1

Throughout either Chinese or western civilization, the development of football had its ups and downs. In ancient China, the word "cuju" is used to describe football. However, in the ancient Roman empire (不是西方，是罗马帝国）, a game similar to football was called "harpastum"; its predecessor being the Greek game of "episkyros". In Notes and Queries, Robert Pierpoint (1916) and L.L.K (1916) described harpastum in extensive detail. Afterwards, the essay "The Ancient Greek Game of Episkyros" by Crowther, N.B (1997) proposed the idea that episkyros is the forerunner of harpastum and therefore the genus of western football. The Chinese cuju, while originally intended to be a part of military training, gradually became popular among the masses as a form of entertainment. Even though the development modern Chinese football modeled itself after that of the western football (不太理解“中国足球运动的发展虽然援引了西方足球的发展制度”这句话的意思，只能猜测), Chinese football has not been able to compete at the highest level internationally. While there are systematic errors, yet a comparison of Chinese football with western football is able to how us the reasons for Chinese football lagging behind its competitors.