英语翻译Fromthetimenetworktrafficreachesahost'sNetworkInterfaceCard(NIC)untilthetimeitreachestheapplication,itissubjecttoprocessingatmanydifferentlayers.Trafficheadedtothenetworkfromanapplicationfollowsaverysimi

Question

英语翻译
From the time network traffic reaches a host's Network Interface Card (NIC) until the time it
reaches the application,it is subject to processing at many different layers.Traffic headed to the
network from an application follows a very similar processing path.Before discussing the security
capabilities provided by each layer,we will first explore the layers themselves.The complete
processing path of network traffic is very complex,so only the basic layers are covered.For
more detailed information on the processing path see Microsoft Windows Internals,Fourth Edition
[1].Note that these processing layers do not have a one-to-one correspondence with the OSI
model layers.NDIS
The Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) layer is the first layer that incoming network
traffic passes through.The specification’s purpose is to define a standard interface that higher
level protocols can use to communicate with NICs.The interface provides a library of wrapper
functions for communicating with the NIC card.The NDIS layer acts as an interface between the
datalink layer (layer 2) and the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model.
Network Protocol Layer
The Network Protocol Layer is the level at which network and transport layer protocols (layers 3
and 4) are implemented.For example,TCPIP.SYS,which implements the TCP/IP stack in
Windows,sits at this layer.Below it,the network protocol layer communicates with NDIS.Higher
layers can communicate with the Network Protocol Layer via the TDI.
TDI
The Transport Data Interface (TDI) exists in the upper edge of the kernel portion of the transport
protocol stack and provides a set of functions by which clients,such as Winsock,can
communicate with lower-level transport providers,such as the TCP/IP protocol driver.
Network API
The Network Application Programming Interface (API) layer operates in user mode and is the
layer used by most applications for network communication.The most commonly used Network
API in Windows is the Winsock API.It communicates with applications above it,and with
transport providers via the TDI below it.

Answer 1

从时间网络信息流通量到达host's 网络接口卡(NIC) 直到时间它到达应用,它是依于处理在许多不同的层数.交通朝向对网络从应用跟随一个非常相似的处理道路.在谈论安全能力之前由各层数提供,我们首先将探索层数.网络信息流通量完全处理道路是非常复杂的,那么唯一基本的层数被盖.对于更加详细的信息关于处理道路参见微软视窗Internals,第四编辑[ 1 ] .注意这些处理层数没有一封一对一书信以开放系统互连模式网络司机接口规格的layers.NDIS (NDIS) 层数是第一层数接踵而来的网络信息流通量通过.规格的目的将定义更高的水平协议可能使用联络与NICs 的一个标准接口.接口为通信提供封皮作用图书馆与NIC 卡片.NDIS 层数作为一个接口在datalink 层数(层数2) 和网络层(层数3) 之间开放系统互连模式.网络协议层数网络协议层数是网络和传送层拟草案的水平(层数3 和4) 被实施.例如,TCPIP.SYS,实施TCP/IP 堆在窗口,坐在这层数.在它之下,网络协议层数联络与NDIS .更高的层数可能联络与网络协议层数通过TDI .TDI 运输数据接口(TDI) 存在在运输协议猝的仁部份的上部边缘和提供客户,譬如Winsock,能与底层运输工具提供者通信的一套作用,譬如TCP/IP 协议司机.网络网络应用程序编程接口的API (API) 层数经营在用户方式下和是层数由多数应用使用为网络通信.最常用的网络API 在窗口是Winsock API .它联络与应用在它之上,和与运输工具提供者通过TDI 在它之下.