英语翻译城市轨道交通信号系统是保证列车运行安全,实现行车指挥和列车运行现代化,提高运输效率的关键系统设备.城市轨道交通信号系统通常由列车自动控制系统（AutomaticTrainControl,简称A

Question

英语翻译
城市轨道交通信号系统是保证列车运行安全,实现行车指挥和列车运行现代化,提高运输效率的关键系统设备.
城市轨道交通信号系统通常由列车自动控制系统（Automatic Train Control,简称ATC）组成,ATC系统包括三个子系统：
— 列车自动监控系统（简称ATS）
— 列车自动防护子系统（简称ATP）
— 列车自动运行系统（简称ATO）
三个子系统通过信息交换网络构成闭环系统,实现地面控制与车上控制结合、现地控制与中央控制结合,构成一个以安全设备为基础,集行车指挥、运行调整以及列车驾驶自动化等功能为一体的列车自动控制系统.
一、列车自动控制系统（ATC）分类
1、按闭塞布点方式：可分为固定式和移动式.固定闭塞方式中按控制方式,又可分为速度码模式（台阶式）和目标距离码模式（曲线式）.
2、按机车信号传输方式：可分为连续式和点式.
3、按各系统设备所处地域可分为：控制中心子系统、车站及轨旁子系统、车载设备子系统、车场子系统.
二、固定闭塞ATC系统
固定闭塞ATC系统是指基于传统轨道电路的自动闭塞方式,闭塞分区按线路条件经牵引计算来确定,一旦划定将固定不变.列车以闭塞分区为最小行车间隔,ATC系统根据这一特点实现行车指挥和列车运行的自动控制.固定闭塞ATC系统又可分为速度码模式和目标距离码模式.
1、 速度码模式（台阶式）
如北京地铁和上海地铁1号线分别引进的英国西屋公司和美国GRS公司的ATC系统均属此类ATC系统,该系统属70～80年代的产品,技术成熟、造价较低,但因闭塞分区长度的设计受限于最不利线路条件和最低列车性能,不利于提高线路运输效率.固定闭塞速度码模式ATC是基于普通音频轨道电路,轨道电路传输信息量少,对应每个闭塞分区只能传送一个信息代码,从控制方式可分成入口控制和出口控制两种,从轨道电路类型划分可分为有绝缘和无绝缘轨道电路两种.
2、 目标距离码模式（曲线式）
目标距离码模式一般采用音频数字轨道电路或音频轨道电路加电缆环线或音频轨道电路加应答器,具有较大的信息传输量和较强的抗干扰能力.通过音频数字轨道电路发送设备或应答器向车载设备提供目标速度、目标距离、线路状态（曲线半径、坡道等数据）等信息,车载设备结合固定的车辆性能数据计算出适合于列车运行的目标距离速度模式曲线（最终形成一段曲线控制方式）,保证列车在目标距离速度模式曲线下有序运行.不仅增强了列车运行的舒适度,而且列车追踪运行的最小安全间隔缩短为安全保护距离,有利于提高线路的通过能力.三、移动闭塞ATC系统
移动闭塞方式的ATC系统通常采用无线通信、地面交叉感应环线、波导等媒体,向列控车载设备传递信息.列车安全间隔距离是根据最大允许车速、当前停车点位置、线路等信息计算得出,信息被循环更新,以保证列车不间断收到即时信息.
移动闭塞ATC系统是利用列车和地面间的双向数据通信设备,使地面信号设备可以得到每一列车连续的位置信息,并距此计算出每一列车的运行权限,动态更新发送给列车,列车根据接收到的运行权限和自身的运行状态,计算出列车运行的速度曲线,实现精确的定点停车,实现完全防护的列车双向运行模式,更有利于线路通过能力的充分发挥.

Answer 1

Third,the basic function of the signal system
1,the Automatic Train Control System (ATS)
ATS system by the control center,stations,parking lots and automotive components.ATS system in the ATP system with the support of the completion of the automatic train control,to achieve the following basic features:
(1) ATS station equipment,to collect rail car ATP Pangji the track occupied state,approach roads,and train state and signal equipment failures,such as train control and supervision of the basis of information.
(2) According to interlock table,scheduled plan and the location of the train,automatically generated output approach control orders,sent to the station chain equipment,set up the train approaches,control the train stops after midnight.
(3) train identification and tracking,transmission and display capabilities.System is able to automatically identify the train line section (of services,destinations,body) track,the train recognition of the ATS automatically generated by the dispatcher or artificial settings,edit,but also by the train cars - and Communications sent to the identification of ATS and other information.
(4) Programme and the train is running track and the plan is relatively computer-aided dispatch functions.According to the train deviated from the actual situation,generated automatically adjust plans for the dispatcher reference or automatically adjust the train stops after midnight,control departure time.
(5) ATS central failure of the demotion processing,artificial intervention by the dispatcher set into the road,the train operation to adjust the station by the ATS completed or under way into the automatic identification of automatic train control signal from the station manual approaches Control.
(6) in computer-aided completed plans to train the basic operation of the establishment and management,and has strong ability to manual intervention.Through the terminal in the depot to depot management and traffic officers to provide the necessary information in order to prepare plans and road vehicles use plan.
(7) screen and train dispatching monitors to the section of track,turnout,signal and a train line running,such as surveillance,can be given on the line for workstation equipment failure prompted alarm and fault source.
(8) in the central and special equipment to provide simulation and presentation function,for training and visits.Can automatically run reports statistics,and in accordance with requirements of show print.
(9) in the station control mode and computer equipment interlocking combination of some or all of signal-placed automatic mode state.
(10) to the wireless communications,broadcasting,visitors guide system to provide the necessary information.
2,Automatic Train Protection System (ATP)
ATP system from the ground equipment,automotive components,and supervision in a safe speed trains running to ensure that once the train exceeds the speed,braking immediately implemented,mainly the following features:
(1) continuously and automatically detect the location of the train,train and send the necessary speed,distance,line conditions,and other information to identify the biggest security operation of the train speed.Speed trains to provide protection,the train speeding to provide common brake or emergency brake,and ensure follow-up visit before the interval between trains to meet the positive driving lane layout and design of the reentry interval.Trains can run on a reverse ATP protection.
(2) ensure that the correct approach and train the safe operation of trains.To ensure that the same track on the train between different enough safe distance,and such as to prevent train collision side.
(3) to prevent speeding train running to ensure that no more than speed train lines,turnouts,vehicles and other provisions to allow the speed.
(4) for the train doors open to provide safe,reliable information.
(5) According to the interlock devices into the interval on the track of the direction of travel,determined according to the Code track circuit direction.
(6) any car - and the disruption to communication expected to train non-mobile (including the withdrawal line),any interruption of the circuit integrity of the train,the train speeding (including temporary speed limit),automotive equipment failures and so on will have a safety brake.
(7) and the realization of the ATS interface and the exchange of information.
(8) system of self-diagnosis,fault alarm,record.
(9) the actual speed of the train,the recommended speed,target speed,distance and other objective information and records show.With manual or automatic rotation Path wear compensation.