及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词意义上有何差异?

Question

及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词 意义上有何差异?

Answer 1

一、后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词
这类动词常见的有：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 / can’t bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图 / cease 停止,等.如： He likes travelling [to travel] alone. 他喜欢单独旅行.He began doing [to do] this job last year. 他去年开始做这工作.Don’t bother to get [getting]dinner for me. 请不必费事为我做饭了.注意：当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时,其后只能接不定式.如：I’d like to drop in and see you tonight. 我想今晚来看你.另外,当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时,其后的动词只能用不定式.如：He is beginning to work in that company. 他即将开始去那个公司工作.After the talk with his English teacher, he began to like English. 跟英语老师谈话之后,他开始喜欢英语了.
二、forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式或动名词含义不同
动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时,表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时,表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前.如：I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了.I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didn’t. 我记得我把书给李蕾了,但是他说我没有给.此外,动词 forget, remember, regret 等接动名词、接动名词的完成式或不定式的完成式作宾语时,意义相同.如：I regretted to have broken the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规.
三、mean后接不定式或动名词含义不同
动词 mean 接不定式作宾语时,表示一种意图,意思是“打算做,想要做”；接动名词作宾语时,表示解释,意思是“意味着,意思是”.如：”I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你.What he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿.
四、try后接不定式或动名词含义不同
try 接不定式作宾语时,表示一种决心,意思是“设法做,尽力做”；接动名词作宾语时,表示尝试,意思是“试着做”.如：I’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们.I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文.
五、need, require, want, deserve后接不定式或动名词语态不同
need, require, want, deserve 等表示“需要”的动词后另一动词作宾语时,该动词用不定式或动名词均可,但是其语态不同,即动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,而不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义.如：The flowers need watering every day. = The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水.注意：若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作,则只能用不定式,不能用动名词.如：I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水.
六、can’t help后接不定式或动名词含义不同
can’t help 后接不定式时,意思是“不能帮忙做某事”；接动名词作宾语时,意思是“禁不住做某事,情不自禁做某事”.如：I’m very busy now, so I can’t help (to) clean the room. 我现在很忙,因此不能帮助打扫房间.The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时,她情不自禁地哭了起来.说明：以下两个动词后接不定式或动名词(不一定是用作宾语)意思也不同：go on to do sth (做完某事后)继续做另一事) (不定式作状语)go on doing 继续做一直在做的事 (动名词作状语)stop to do sth 停下正在做的事以便去做另一事 (不定式作状语)stop doing sths) 停做正在做的事 (动名词作宾语)
七 在like, love, prefer等动词后, 若表示经常性的抽象的动作,多用动名词作宾语；若指特定的或具体的行动, 则用不定式更多一些.例如：
1. I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today.
2. She prefers walking to cycling.
3. I prefer to stay at home today.
在begin, start等词的后面, 在下面三种情况下, 后接动词不定式较好:
 主语是物而不是人时：Ice begins to melt.
 本身是v-ing 形式时: We are starting to clean the classroom.
 其后的动词与想法,感情有关时：I begin to realize that he is wrong.
八 在两种结构在意义上差别较明显的动词有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等.例如：
1． remember后接动名词通常表示：记得干过某事的,跟动词不定式通常表示：别忘了, 要记得干, 动作并未发生：
 I remembered posting the letter today.
我记得今天把信寄走了.
 Please remember to post the letter today.
请别忘了今天把信寄走.
2．regret 后接动名词, 通常表示:对已发生的情况表示后悔,跟不定式通常表示:对将来的情况表示抱歉
 I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.
我们遗憾地通知你们, 你们将不能参加这个班.
 I regretted having done such a thing.
我后悔做了这样一件事.
3．mean后接动名词, 通常表示:意味着, 不定式通常表示:打算干什么.
 Failing this exam means waiting for a year.
这次考式不通过意味着要等上一年.
 I didn’t mean to argue with you.
我不想和你争辩.
4．try 后接动名词, 通常表示:式一式做某事,跟不定式通常表示:设法去做某事：
 Let’s trying doing the work in this way.
这项工作咱们这样式式看.
 I’ will work hard, and try to improve.
我将努力工作, 并设法改进.