用英语介绍奥体急.今天晚上要!

Question

用英语介绍奥体
急.今天晚上要!

Answer 1

The Olympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.As of 2008,the Summer Olympics include 26 sports with 36 disciplines and about 300 events,and the Winter Olympics include 7 sports with 15 disciplines and about 80 events.[1] The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Olympiad to another.
Contents [hide]
1 Sports,disciplines,events
1.1 Changes
1.2 Recognized sports
2 Summer Olympics
2.1 Current summer program
2.2 Discontinued summer sports
2.3 Demonstration summer sports
3 Winter Olympics
3.1 Current winter program
3.2 Demonstration winter sports
4 References
5 External links
Sports,disciplines,events
For purposes of Olympic competition,the International Olympic Committee (IOC) makes a distinction between sports and disciplines.A sport,in Olympic terms,is a single or group of disciplines as represented by an international governing body,namely an International Federation.[2] For example,aquatics,represented at the Olympic level by the International Swimming Federation,is a sport at the Summer Olympics that includes the swimming,diving,synchronized swimming and water polo disciplines.[3] Skating,represented by the International Skating Union,is a sport at the Winter Olympics that includes three disciplines鈥攆igure skating,speed skating on the traditional long track,and short track speed skating.[4]
Medals are awarded on a per-event basis; there can be one or more events per sport or discipline.[2] In fact,with the removal of baseball and softball from the Summer Olympics after the 2008 Games,every current Olympic discipline has at least two events.
For most of the 20th century,demonstration sports have been included in many Olympic Games,usually to promote a non-Olympic sport popular in the host country,or to gauge interest and support for the sport.[5] Some such sports,like curling,were subsequently added to the official Olympic program.This changed when the International Olympic Committee decided in 1989 to eliminate demonstration sports from Olympics Games after 1992.[6] Although no demonstration sports have been included since then,as an alternative,the Beijing Organizing Committee received permission to organize a wushu tournament for the 2008 Summer Olympics.[7][8]
Changes
Curling was promoted to official Olympic sport at the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympics.A sport or discipline is included in the Olympic program if the IOC determines that it is widely practiced around the world,that is,the number of countries that compete in a given sport is the indicator of the sport's prevalence.The IOC's requirements reflect participation in the Olympic Games as well 鈥 more stringent toward men (as they are represented in higher numbers) and Summer sports (as more nations compete in the Summer Olympics).Sports may not depend primarily on mechanical propulsion,though there were power-boating events in the early days of the Olympics.[2] [9]
Previous Olympic Games included sports which are no longer present on the current program,like polo and tug of war.[10] These sports,known as "discontinued sports",were later removed either because of lack of interest or absence of an appropriate governing body.[2] Archery and tennis are examples of sports that were competed at the early Games and were later dropped by the IOC,but managed to return to the Olympic program (in 1972 and 1988,respectively).
The most recent change occurred on July 11,2005,when the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the Olympic program for 2012,[11] a decision that was reaffirmed on February 9,2006.[12] Softball and baseball are two of seven sports,including golf,rugby,squash,karate and roller sports,that will be considered at the 2009 Olympic Congress in Copenhagen for two openings on the schedule for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[13]
Recognized sports
Tug of war contested at the 1904 Summer Olympics.It was later dropped from the Olympic program but remains a recognized sport.Many sports are not included in the Olympic program but are recognized by the IOC.[14] At any time,a recognized sport may be added to the Olympic program in future Games through a recommendation by the IOC Olympic Programme Commission followed by a voting of the IOC membership.When Olympic demonstration sports were allowed,a sport typically first appeared as such before being officially promoted.[5] An International Federation (IF) is responsible for ensuring that the sport's activities follow the Olympic Charter; from the moment their sport is recognized they become official Olympic federations and can assemble with the IOC and remaining Olympic IFs.[15] Recognized sports that are not part of the competition schedule for an Olympic Games usually become part of the schedule of the World Games.
The following sports,though not contested in the Olympic Games,are recognized by the IOC:[14]
Air sports
Bandy
Baseball
Billiard sports
Boules
Bowling
Bridge
Chess
Climbing
Cricket
DanceSport
Golf
Karate
Korfball
Lifesaving
Motorcycle sport
Netball
Orienteering
Pelote Basque
Polo
Powerboating
Racquetball
Roller sports
Rugby
Softball
Squash
Sumo
Surfing
Tug of war
Underwater sports
Water skiing
Wushu