英语翻译上层建筑领域中各种权力主体维护自身利益的特定行为以及由此结成的特定关系.是人类历史发展到一定时期产生的一种重要社会现象.政治体制指政治制度的具体表现和实施形式,是

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英语翻译
上层建筑领域中各种权力主体维护自身利益的特定行为以及由此结成的特定关系.是人类历史发展到一定时期产生的一种重要社会现象.
政治体制指政治制度的具体表现和实施形式,是管理国家政治事务的规范体系,具体指与国家根本制度相适应的领导制度,组织制度,工作制度等具体制度.简称政体.
由于人们在不同时代面临的历史任务不同,需要政治发挥作用的侧重点和着力点不同再加上不同历史观的影响,所以在解释政治概念时所强调的内容也就不同,于是就产生了对什么是政治的各种各样回答,形成了众多的关于政治的定义.
马克思、恩格斯、列宁认为,“一切阶级斗争都是政治斗争”,“政治是经济的最集中的表现”,“政治就是各阶级之间的斗争”,“政治就是参与国家事务,给国家定方向,确定国家活动的形式、任务和内容”,“政治是一种科学,是一种艺术”.这些论述概括反映了政治的本质、属性、基本内容和特征,是研究政治现象和为政治下定义的指导思想.
西方的政治学家为政治下过许多定义,例如：①认为政治是国家的活动,是治理国家,是夺取或保存权力的行为.②认为政治是权力斗争,是人际关系中的权力现象.③认为政治是人们在安排公共事务中表达个人意志和利益的一种活动,政治的目标是制定政策,也就是处理公共事务.④认为政治是制定和执行政策的过程.⑤认为政治是一种社会的利益关系,是对社会价值的权威性分配.

Answer 1

　　Politics: The superstructure of the main powers in the field of safeguarding their own interests and the resulting form of specific acts of specific relationships. Is developed to a certain period of human history has emerged as an important social phenomenon.
　　Political system refers to the political system and implemented in the form of specific performance, is to manage the country's political affairs normative system, specifically referring to the basic system compatible with the leadership system, organizational systems, work systems and other specific system. Referred to as the government.
　　The definition of political
　　Because people in different times in different historical task facing the need to focus and play a role in the political focus on the different combined effects of different history, so the concept in explaining the political content of the emphasis is different, and thus a right What is the answer to a wide variety of political, forming a large number of political definition.
　　Marx, Engels, Lenin believed that "all class struggle is a political struggle," "Politics is the most concentrated expression of the economy", "politics is the struggle between the classes," "politics is involved in national affairs, given the direction of the state to determine the form of national activities, tasks and content, "" Politics is a science, is an art. " These statements reflect the general political nature, attributes, content and features, is the study of political phenomena and to define the guiding political ideology.
　　Western political scientists did a lot of political definition, such as: ① that politics is the country's activities is governing the country, is to win or save power. ② think that politics is a struggle for power is the power of relationships in the phenomenon. ③ arrangements that politics is the public affairs people in the personal expression of the will and interests of an activity, the political goal is to develop policies, which is handling public affairs. ④ that politics is the process of policy formulation and implementation. ⑤ that politics is a social interest, is the authoritative allocation of social values.