怎样判断英语定语从句中的先行词呢,别的还好,特别是时间状语做先行词判断有什么技巧吗

Question

怎样判断英语定语从句中的先行词呢,别的还好,特别是时间状语做先行词判断有什么技巧吗

Answer 1

快捷判断先行词作状语的方法
1.定语从句的句型结构为：“主语+谓语+宾语”时,先行词在定语从句中作状语
2.定语从句的句型结构为：“主语+单一不及物动词（或+状语）”时,先行词在定语从句中作状语
3.定语从句的句型结构为：“主语+be动词+其它”时,先行词在定语从句中作状语
先行词为时间名词的定语从句中,关系词的选择主要存在两种可能性.一类用when,或介词+which;一类用which或that.具体来说,先行词在从句中充当时间状语用前者,在从句中充当宾语用后者.
例4：(2003北京春)We are living in an age many things are done on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when
运用“句式分解法”,把该句拆成两个简单句来理解,相当于：We are living in an age.In this age many things are done on computer.可以看出in this age 是从句中的时间状语.另一方面,从词性与成分的关系上来分析,先行词age不可能充当从句中不及物动词are done的宾语,只能是整个从句的时间状语.所以正确答案应为D选项,或用in which代替.
例5：(1995上海)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm.,many people have gone home.
A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time
根据句义分解主从复合句：In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm.Because by 5:30pm many people have gone home.因此D选项才是正确选项.
例6：Summer holidays,they plan to spend in their hometowns,are drawing near.A.that B.which C.when D.for which
根据句义先分解主从复合句：They plan to spend summer holidays in their hometowns.And now summer holidays are drawing near.显然,先行词summer holidays在从句中充当及物动词spend的宾语成分.C、D选项首先排除.本题是非限制性定语从句,不能用that,故B选项是正确答案.
注意比较例4和例6从句中的动词特征.从及物动词和不及物动词的角度可以帮助我们正确判断先行词在从句中充当的是时间状语还是宾语.
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