什么是定语、状语、谓语、宾语、补语从句

Question

什么是定语、状语、谓语、宾语、补语从句

Answer 1

英语句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分.
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.
1）主语 subject
主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首.
The girl can sing many English songs.
We are students./ This is my pen.Yours is on the desk.
The blind need more help.
To speak loudly in public is not polite.
Smoking is bad for your health.
2）谓语 predicate
谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后.谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致.
I love you.You hate me.You hurt my heart.
I have an English-Chinese dictionary.He has one too.
We can play the piano.
She is talking with her sister./ I have seen this man before.
3）宾语 object
宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者.常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后.
He is doing his homework./ I saw a plane in the sky just now.
They did nothing this morning./ I met him on my way home.
She wants to go home.
We enjoy playing football.
【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.这一类动词有：bring,give,pass,tell,hand,show,send,leave,teach,find,buy等.
\x05He gave me a book.
\x05Pass me the ball,will you?
My best friend sent me a Christmas card.
4）表语 predicative
表语是用于说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征,常由名词、形容词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于系动词之后.
I am a teacher.My work is teaching English.Huaibei is beautiful.
I am all right.He looks tired.I feel good today.This mooncake tastes delicious.
She is not a good singer.
My question is how you knew him.
5）宾语补足语 object complement
宾语补足语是用于对宾语作进一步的补充说明,这样才能表达出完整的意思,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,常由名词、形容词、动词不定式或介词短语等担任,一般位于宾语之后.
She makes her mother angry.
We find the story very interesting.
I found it difficult to learn English well./ The sun keeps us warm.
The doctor told me to do more exercise.
6）定语 attribute
定语是用于对名词或代词进行修饰或限定,常由形容词、名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.一般单个形容词常位于被修饰词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句常位于被修饰词之后,作后置定语.
Huaibei is a beautiful city./ A bright future shines before our eyes.
She is a chemistry teacher./ This song is better than that one.
Do you know the young man over there?
We have something to do tomorrow.
7）状语 adverbial
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.常用于表示时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随、程度等.
Last night she didn’t go to the party because of the rain.
Mr.Smith lives on the third floor.
He has greatly improved his spoken English by practicing day after day.
I must work harder in order to catch up with others.