英语语法问题1theboystandingthereisTOM,为什么stand不能用过去式啊.表过去站在这里不行啊?2ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisinteresting“写”的被动式不是be+动词过去分词吗.怎么没be动词呢?

Question

英语语法问题
1 the boy standing there is TOM,为什么stand不能用过去式啊.表过去站在这里不行啊?
2 The book written by LuXun is interesting “写”的被动式不是 be +动词过去分词吗.怎么没be动词呢?

Answer 1

其实这两个句子都是运用到分词来作定语的知识
第一句是现在分词standing来修饰the boy,表示是站着的那个男孩,原句相当于The boy who is standing there is TOM.这里的定语从句who is standing 现在就直接用现在分词standing来取代了,作定语
第二句The book written by LuXun is interesting 同理,句子主干是the book is interesting.加进定语从句就是the book which is written by luxun is interesting.现在是用过去分词ed形式来表示定语,the book written by luxun is interesting.
现在分词和过去分词来作定语是一种语法现象,比较常用,一般它们都可以转换成相对应的定语从句,例如the book written by luxun is interesting转换回the book which is written by luxun is interesting.
而且如果动作是人主动发出的,用ing形式,如standing,
动作是被动发出的,用ed形式,如written~