形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的转换都用哪些后缀?

Question

形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的转换都用哪些后缀?

Answer 1

1）以-d或-de结尾的动词,在对应的名词和形容词中,d通常变成s,如provide→provision,decide→decision / decisive,collide→collision,invade→invasion / invasive,ascend→ascension,等等.其中以-end结尾的动词,往往有-ent结尾的名词与之对应.如extend→extent,descend→descent,等等.
2）以-ate、-ete、-ite、-ute结尾的动词,对应的名词往往以-tion结尾,如activation、competition、expedition、institution,等等.
3）以-l和-r结尾的动词,对应的名词往往以-ance或-ence结尾,如excellence、vigilance、occurrence、conference等等.
4）一些常见的对应后缀：
a）–acious→–acity：如sagacious→sagacity
b）–ate（形容词）→–acy：如accurate→accuracy
c）–al（形容词）→-ality：如mental→mentality
d）–ance、-ancy、-ence、-ency→-ant、-ent：如excellence→excellent
e）-cracy→-crat→-cratic：如democracy→democrat→democratic
f）–fy→–faction：如satisfy→satifaction
g) -graphy→-graphic→-grapher：如geography→geographic→geographer
h）-ify→-ification：如certify→certification
i）–ic→-icity：如specific→specificity
j）-ical→-icality：如logical→logicality
j）–ise、-ize→-isation、-ization：如improvise→improvisation
k）–logy→-logical→-loger、-logist、-logian：对比astrology（astrological、astrologer）/ geology（geological、geologist）/ theology（theological、theologian）.
l）-nomy→-nomic→-nomer：如astronomy→astronomic→astronomer