初中英语的一些语法知识!关于以下词组辨析：speak,talk,say,tell,turn off/on/down/up,take part in,join in,join,attendwear,dress,put on,dress uppay,spend,cost,taketake,bring,carry,get on/off/up/to,arrive at,arrive in,get to,reach,reply

Question

初中英语的一些语法知识!
关于以下词组辨析：
speak,talk,say,tell,
turn off/on/down/up,
take part in,join in,join,attend
wear,dress,put on,dress up
pay,spend,cost,take
take,bring,carry,
get on/off/up/to,
arrive at,arrive in,get to,reach,
reply,answer,
beat,win,
feel sleepy,fall asleep,
go to bed,go to sleep,
look for/like/up/out,
hear of/from.
麻烦给各位把个词组详细的解释列出来（相对应）

Answer 1

一.speak,talk,say,tell.
speak讲语言 speak to sb about sth
tell告诉 tell sb sth/tell sth to sb
say说 say sth to sb
talk交谈,聊天 talk to sb/talk sb about sth
say ,speak talk 和tell辨析.
▲ say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代
词或宾语从句.
eg: He can say his name. 他会说他的名字.
Please say it in English. 请用英语用.
She`s saying ,Don`t draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”.
▲ speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容 .作及物动词时,常以某种
语言作宾语.作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有：
speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某
人讲话,此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说.
Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗?
She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话.
He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话.
▲ talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的
相互说话.
eg: She is talking with Lucy in English.
她正在和露茜用英语交谈.
What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在和他谈话.
▲ tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语.
tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事.
eg: He is telling the children a story.
他正在给孩子们讲一个故事.
Did you tell her the news?＝Did you tell the news to her?
你把这个消息告诉她了吗?
二.turn off/on/down/up.
Turn off（关上）：You must turn off the light when you go to bed.
（你应当在你睡觉前关灯.）
Turn on（打开）: I want t. watch TV, can I turn on the TV?
(我想看电视,我能开吗?)

Turn down（被向下折转, 拒绝）：Turn down the radio.
（把收音机开小一点.）
Turn up（找到）:Don't worry; something will turn up.
（不要着急,会有办法的.）
三.take part in,join in,join,attend .
当作参加讲时join和 take part in是相同的,都表示加入某种组织、政党、俱乐部等团体（join a club.成为俱乐部的会员） 但是用法上,take part in 不可以用被动语态.attend 是出席的意思,表示在某种比较正式的场合出现.例如,上课,会议等.
join in +(加入一个组织)join in the organization
join （join us/参与*一起*的活动)join us to watch TV
take part in (参加一项活动)Take part in the sports meeting.
四.wear,dress,put on,dress up
put on (穿,戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语.英文中还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思.可是wear是继续的动作,表示穿着的状态,而put on是一时的动作.下面两个句子都是错的：
I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用wear）.
dress的意思是
①put clothes on后面的受词一定是人,如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white,
②put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. （快点起来穿好衣服.）
【例：】
(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.
玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子.
(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?
约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢?
4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)
【说明：】to take off (脱去)与put on 的意义相反,指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off, 但较不通用.
【例：】
(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.
约翰在这屋时脱下他的帽子.
(2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room?
海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢?
五.pay,spend,cost,take
1、spend 花费（时间、金钱）
2、take 花费、占用（时间）
3、pay (多与for连用) pay for 为……付款
4、cost 价值
1、
Sb. spend + time/money + on sth. （某人花费……[多少钱/多少时间]在某物上）
Sb. spend + time/money + (in) doing sth. （某人花费……[多用时间]来做某事）
2、
句型：It takes sb. + time + to do sth. （做某事花费某人……[用时间]）
3、
Sb. pay for sth. （某人为某物付款）
Sb. pay + money + for sth. (某人为某物付……[多少钱]）
4、
Sth. cost sb. + money. (某物花费某人……[多少钱]）
Sth. cost + money. (某物价值……[多少钱]）
六.take,bring,carry,.
take 带的意思.可以带来也可以带去.take here.take to his home这样.
bring 是带来的意思.只能带到这里来bring me your book把你的书带给我.
carry是搬动的意思.从动作上比较的大了.carry the box.搬动箱子.方向也没有固定.carry to some place
七.get on/off/up/to.
get on：
1.上（车船等）；eg.Where did you get on?
2.进展情况,(健康,生活等)情况和get along意思相近；eg.How are you getting on?
3.相处得好；eg.How are you getting on with your friend.
get off;
1.下车；They got off the bus and walked away.
2.（飞机）起飞；The plane got off on time.
get up;
起床；
get to；to是介词,后接动名词
开始（做某事）
Lying in bed, I got to thinking how nice I would start a new life .
八.arrive at,arrive in,get to,reach
arrive at/arrive in都是到达的意思,此处要区分in与at,in 后面跟大地方,如城市,国家,at跟具体的地方,范围比较小.
reach
n. 延伸,范围,河段
v. 到达,伸出,延伸
get to
到达,抵达,开始,抓住,和...取得联系.
意思比较模糊.有些意思相同的不会出现在同一个题里 .
九.reply,answer
reply既可作不及物动词,又可作及物动词,还可作名词.作不及物动词,其意为“回答”,可用“reply to(sb. /sth. )”表示“对……作出回答”.作及物动词时,其意为“回答”,“回答说”.作名词时,意思为“答道”,“回信”,“答复”,后面跟介词to.
She sighed, but didn’t reply. 她叹了口气,没有回答.
He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题.
What did he do in reply to your challenge?你提出与他较量,他作何反应?
注：reply和answer的区别
两个词都表示“回答”的意思.但是answer比较常用,如：answer a question/thedoor-bell/telephone, 而reply较正式,经过思考,一一答复问题.除了后面可跟直接引语或宾语从句以外,一般只用作不及物动词,和连用.
十.beat,win.
win的意思是“赢”、“获胜”、“得到成功”,在作为及物动词时,它的宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或运动等等.如：
①She had a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her classmates.
她具有一种天性,这使她很快地获得同学们的友谊.
②He soon won a reputation for himself.
他很快就为自己赢得了声誉.
③Mary won the first place in the competition.
玛丽在竞赛中获得第一名.
④He won three second places in the seven events.
他在七项比赛中得了三个第二名.
2)beat译成汉语也有“赢”、“取胜”、“战胜”之意.但跟win的用法不同,这个动词后面跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人.如：
①I beat John at chess yesterday.昨天我和约翰下棋并赢了他.
②We beat their team by 5∶4.我们以五比四战胜他们队.
③I'll beat you to the top of that hill.
我们比赛看谁先到山顶上,我将赢你.
3)defeat本来用于描述战争中打败敌人,现在可与beat换用,以表示击败对手.
①He was badly defeated / beaten in the election.
他在选举中惨败.
②Last term our school defeated / beat their school at football.
上学期在足球赛中我们学校赢了他们学校.
十一.feel sleepy,fall asleep
feel sleepy
昏昏欲睡的
fall asleep
熟睡的
十二.go to bed,go to sleep
go to bed上床睡觉（着重表行动）
go to sleep 重目的,不过与上个基本相同
两者都差不多的,只是后者强调困意,就说瞌睡来了,我得去sleep了.
example：
I must go to bed because there'll be a football game tomorrow.
I have to go to sleep after this long running.
十三.look for/like/up/out.
look for寻找
look like看上去像
look up抬头看,向上看,查字典
look out 注意 小心 找出 选出 (look out 是习惯短语,独立使用,通常使用环境是脱口而出、或急促或高亢,都是警示别人当心、小心、留神. )
十四.hear of/from
hear of
v.听说
hear from
v.收到某人的来信或消息, 受...批评
1. hear of是“不及物动词+介词”构成的词组,意指间接地“听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词.如：
I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他.
注意：hear of与hear about的意义相近,这两个词组在英语中有时可以通用.它们含有“听人说起”,“从书报上看到关于”等意义.例如：
I’ve never heard of him. 我从来没有听说过他.
Have you heard about him from anywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗?
2. hear from指“收到……的来信”与get or receive a letter from 同义,其宾语应是人,而不是信.如：