谁能跟我说说英语中的谓语,宾语等等像这样的代名词,最好举出一些实际的例子,用中文说明一下

Question

谁能跟我说说英语中的谓语,宾语等等像这样的代名词,最好举出一些实际的例子,用中文说明一下

Answer 1

三、英语句子成分：
简介
　　句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、同位语七种 　　主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担. 　　谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态.谓语由动词来承担. 　　宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任. 　　主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整.主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息.例如：They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的.在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后.那么,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述.
主语
　　定义：主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么.表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”.主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体. 　　哪些词可以充当主语 　　1,名词 　　例如： A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. 　　The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 　　The temperature will stay above zero. 　　The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 　　China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 　　2,代词 　　例如： It’s a young forest. 　　I don’t know if it will grow. 　　That’s a bit expensive. 　　You’d better buy a new pair. 　　I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes. 　　3,数词 　　例如：One and two is three. 　　One is not enough for me. I want one more. 　　One of them is English. 　　Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. 　　Two will be enough. 　　4,不定式 （常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现） 　　例如： To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. 　　I found it difficult to get to sleep. 　　It’s glad to see you again. 　　It was difficult to say. 　　But it’s good to swim in summer. 　　5,IT 作主语,有如下情况： 　　1)指代刚刚提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what) 　　2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人：Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代 who) 　　Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代 who) 　　3) 表示时间,天气,距离： 　　What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间) 　　What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气) 　　How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距离) 　　6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后.如： 　　There are many different kinds of mooncakes. 　　There will be a strong wind.
谓语
　　谓语由动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语.例如： 　　I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态) 　　I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态) 　　It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态) 　　复合谓语也可分为两种情况： 　　第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语： 　　What does this word mean? 　　I won’t do it again. 　　I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. 　　You’d better catch a bus. 　　第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语.例如： 　　You look the same. 　　We are all here. 　　The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 　　Keep quite and listen to me. 　　He looked worried. 　　We have to be up early in the moming. 　　Is Bill in? 　　School Is over. Let’s go home. 　　My pen is in my bag. 　　I feel terrible. 　　I* fell tried all the time. 　　He seemed rather tired last night. 　　连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割；有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了.
宾语
　　宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面. 　　I saw a cat in the tree. 　　我看见树上有一只猫. 　　I want to go shopping. 　　我想去买东西. 　　He said he could be here. 　　他说他会来的. 　　We think you are right. 　　我们认为你是对的. 　　有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面, 但间接宾语前须加"to". 　　My father bought me a book. 　　我父亲给我买了一本书. 　　Give the rubber to me. 　　把橡皮给我. 　　Please give the letter to XiaoLi. 　　请把这封信给小李. 　　有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任. 　　We all call him LaoWang. 　　我们都叫他老王. 　　Please color it red. 　　请给它涂上红颜色. 　　We found the little girl in the hill. 　　我们在山上找到了小女孩.
定语
　　用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任.如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面. 　　That is a beautiful flower. 　　那是一朵漂亮的花. 　　The TV set made in that factory is very good. 　　那个工厂生产的电视机很好. 　　This is my book,not your book. 　　这是我的书,不是你的书. 　　There are more than twenty trees in our 　　school. 　　我们学校里有二十多棵树. 　　I have a lot of things to do. 　　我有好多要做的事情. 　　Our country is a developing country. 　　我们的国家是一个发展中的国家.
状语
　　1、说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语. 　　2、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等. 　　3、状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等 　　A、副词一般在句子中做状语． 　　He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. 　　He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地点状语. 　　B、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语. 　　I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 　　C、介词短语 　　Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 　　The boy was praised for his bravery. 　　D、从句作状语 　　When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. 　　If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 　　E、分词作状语 　　Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. 　　Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
补语
　　英语中补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的.补语是起补充说明作用的成份.最常见的是宾语补足语.名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补. 　　1、主语的补语 　　它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构. 　　1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 　　我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她.（her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语） 　　2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶? 　　-- Me. --我. （me做主语补语= It's me.） 　　3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语） 　　约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她. 　　2、宾语的补语 　　1.不定式(to do) 　　Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍. 　　We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的. 　　We made him copy the sentence. 　　He is made to copy the sentence. 　　I felt my hands tremble. 　　2.名词 　　At the meeting we elected him monitor. 　　I think your brother a clever boy. 　　3.形容词 　　What you said made Xiao Wang angry. 　　I found the classroom empty 　　4.副词 　　Please call the students back at once. 　　He was seen to take his cap off. 　　5.现在分词 　　We hear him singing in the hall. 　　I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 　　6.过去分词 　　He saw his face reflected in the water. 　　I heard it spoken of in the next room.
表语
　　表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态.表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语.表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任. 　　These desks are yellow. 　　这些桌子是黄色的. 　　I am all right. 　　我没事. 　　We are happy now. 　　我们现在很幸福. 　　It's over. 　　时间到了. 　　She is ten. 　　她十岁了. 　　My work is teaching English, 　　我的工作是教英语. 　　The dictionary is in the bag. 　　词典在书包里边. 　　My question is how you knew him. 　　我的问题是你如何认识他的.
同位语
　　当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后. 　　This is Miss Chen, our English teacher. 　　这是陈小姐,我们的英语老师. 　　My parents both are teacher. 　　我父母俩都是老师. 　　We all like sports. 　　我们都喜欢运动.