英语翻译III.DataandEstimationStrategyA.ForeignDirectInvestmentinLithuaniaLikeotherformerSovietRepublics,Lithuaniahadbeenvirtuallyclosedtoforeigninvestmentuntil1990,whenitregaineditsindependenceandbegantheprocessoftran

Question

英语翻译
III.Data and Estimation Strategy
A.Foreign Direct Investment in Lithuania
Like other former Soviet Republics,Lithuania had been virtually closed to foreign
investment until 1990,when it regained its independence and began the process of transition to a
market economy.The first stage of the privatization process,starting in 1991,offered limited
opportunities for foreign investors.It was not until 1997 that FDI inflows into Lithuania
increased significantly,as a result of the second stage of the privatization program.As illustrated
in Chart 1,FDI inflows peaked in 1998,when 60 percent of shares of Lietuvas Telekomas
(Lithuanian Telecom),the fixed-line monopoly operator,were sold to Amber Teleholdings,a
consortium of Swedish Telia and Finish Sonera (EBRD 2001).12 Due to its late start,Lithuania
has attracted less FDI than have other Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEECs).
Cumulative FDI inflows during the period 1993–2000 reached US$694 per capita,placing
Lithuania seventh among CEECs,above Slovenia,Bulgaria,and Romania.In terms of the value
of cumulative FDI inflows,Lithuania ranks eighth,above Estonia and Slovenia (see Table 1).
As far as sectoral distribution of FDI is concerned,44 percent of the FDI stock in 1996
was in manufacturing.After large inflows into the telecommunications and financial sectors,this
figure decreased to 32 percent in 2000.Within manufacturing,food products,beverages,and
tobacco attracted the largest share of investment (12 percent of total FDI stock),followed by
textiles and leather products (4 percent) and refined petroleum and chemicals (4 percent).
Electrical machinery,optical instruments,and wood products also received significant foreign
investments (OECD 2000).A detailed distribution of FDI stock in 2000 within the two-digit manufacturing sectors,calculated on the basis of the data set used in the study,is presented in the
first column in Table 2

Answer 1

数据和估计策略
答:外商直接投资在立陶宛
像其他前苏联共和国,立陶宛已经几乎关闭,以国外的
投资到1990年,当它再次赢得了独立的过程中,开始过渡到一个
市场经济.第一阶段的企业民营化的过程中,开始在1991年,提供有限的
吸引了外国投资者.直到1997年,外国直接投资流入立陶宛
有了显著的提高,由于第二阶段的私有化计划.如图所示
在图1、FDI流入达到了顶峰,在1998年,当60%的股份,Telekomas Lietuvas
(立陶宛电信),固网运营商,卖给了垄断,琥珀Teleholdings
瑞典Telia的联合体,并完成Sonera(2001).12 EBRD由于其起步晚,立陶宛
吸引了更少的外国直接投资比一般中欧和东欧国家(CEECs).
外国直接投资流入的期间累计达到占用了1993美元人均收入,名次
在CEECs立陶宛,以上第七、保加利亚、罗马尼亚和斯洛文尼亚.方面的价值
外国直接投资流入,立陶宛的累积,排名西部第八,以上的爱沙尼亚和斯洛文尼亚(见表1).
至于扇面分布的FDI而言,44%的外国直接投资的股票在1996年的时候
在制造.大大量资金流入电信和金融部门,这一点
5.81下降到2000年的32%.在制造,食品,饮料,
烟草吸引了最大的份额投资(FDI总量的12%的股票),然后再用
纺织品和皮革制品(4%),精制而成的石油、化工(4%).
电器机械、光学仪器、和木材产品还获得显著的对外政策
经合组织(OECD)的投资(2000).一份详细的FDI分布在两位数股票在2000年制造行业,为基础计算的数据集在研究中使用,介绍了
第一列在表2