独立主格结构与动名词的所有格的区别苯酚能否与酸发生酯化反应

Question

独立主格结构与动名词的所有格的区别
苯酚能否与酸发生酯化反应

Answer 1

动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别

在说明动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别之前让我们共同来看一道易出错的题.
______ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A . It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we wer too late D.It was because we were late
由题干和选项可看出该题是含有It was ….that…的强调句式,被强调部分是句子的主语,所以先排除选项C和D ,那么如果知道动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别就能够得出正确答案 B选项,our being late 是动名词复合结构作句子的主语,而A 选项中的we being late 是独立主格结构.接下来我们就来看看动名词复合结构和独立主格结构的区别：
动名词复合结构：
动名词复合结构是由物主代词或名词所有格加上动名词构成,它们在逻辑上存在主谓关系,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语等等.而在口语或非正式文体中,这种结构如不置于句首作主语,则可用人称代词的宾格代替物主代词,用名词的普通格代替所有格形式如：
1）I can’t imagine his/him marrying her.
我无法想象他与她结婚.
2）There is no question of Marry’s/Marry being able to do it well.
玛丽能做好此事,这是毫无疑问的.
3）The student’s kowing English well helped him in learning French.
这个学生良好的英语基础有助于他 学习法语.
4）Her being ill made us worried.
她生病了使我们很担心.
5）Do you mind my/me opening the door?
你介意我打开门吗?
独立主格结构：
独立主格结构是由逻辑主语（名词或代词主格）加上分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、形容词 、副词、不定式、介词短语、名词等构成的语法结构.在句子中一般作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或 伴随等.独立主格可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开.
1）名词/代词+现在分词
Time permitting , we will hold a sports meet.
时间允许的话,我们将进行运动会.
There being no bus ,we had to walk home.
没有车,我们只好步行回家.
2）名词/代词 +过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做的更好.
The boy stood there ,his right hand raised.
那个男孩站在那里,右手高举.
3）名词/代词 +形容词/副词
Computers very small, we can use them widely.
计算机虽小,用处却很广.
The lights off , we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了, 我们无法继续工作.
4）名词/代词 +不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月出版.
The two boys said good--bye to each other, one to go home ,the other to go to his friends.
两个男孩彼此到了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家.
5）名词/代词 + 介词短语
The boy entered the classroom , book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着本书进了教室.
Mary was sitting near the fire ,her back towards the door.
玛丽背朝着门坐在火炉旁.
6）名词/代词 + 名词
His first shot failure , he fired again.
第一枪没打中,他又打了一枪.
He fought the wolf , a stick his only weapon .
他和狼搏斗,唯一的武器是一根棍棒.
7）with 复合结构
with 复合结构是独立主格结构中的特殊形式.
With复合结构即“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”.宾语由名词、名词词组、代词充当,宾语补足语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当.
Mary felt shy with the whole class looking at her.
全班同学都看着她,玛丽感到不好意思.（现在分词）
The thief sat in the corner ,with his hands tied to a chair.
小偷坐在角落里,双手绑在椅子上.（过去分词）
With all the clothes to wash ,I will be very busy today.
有所有的衣服要洗,今天我将会很忙.（不定式）
He used to sleep with the door open
他过去常开着门睡觉.(形容词).
The city looks more beautiful with thousands of lights on at night.
夜里,那座城市万盏灯火,分外美丽.（副词）
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师手拿一本书进了教室.（介词短语）
LuXun is a brave soldier ,with his pen weapon.
鲁迅先生以笔为武器,是名勇敢的战士
在with 复合结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系.当这种关系表现为主动语态时,用现在分词；当这种关系表现为被动语态时,用过去分词；当这种关系表示将来意义时,用不定式；当这种关系表示伴随意义时,用现在分词或副词.