iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.这里的hadnotbeen是什么用法hadnot是没有的意思吗?那为什么有个been呢?还有后面那句话theywouldhavecompleted

Question

if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil,they would have completed the job in a few hours.这里的 had not been是什么用法 had not是没有的意思吗?那为什么有个been呢?还有后面那句话 they would have completed 这里的have是表达什么?

Answer 1

这里的had been 是虚拟语气的用法,表示假设.意思是“如果不是有...的话”.虚拟语气的结构式if...had done,sb would have done.“如果..的话,某人就已经完成..了”.后面其实是过去完成时,但因为跟在情态动词would后面,所以had只能用原型have.关于虚拟语气,请楼主参见百科：
虚拟语气是高中的语法,很重要,