Giventhatmotivationissocentraltoourlives，whatdowetrulyunderstandabouthowitoperatesandaboutitsroleinourlives？Theassumptionisthatit'sdrivenbyapositive，external（外部的）reward．Dothis，getthat．Butt

Question

Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives？The assumption is that it's driven by a positive，external （外部的）reward．Do this，get that．But the story is much more complex．
One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painflil．You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way，you would be happy forever．But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time，I can′t imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days，weeks，months，years and even your life this way．
Research that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things which give us a sense of meaning don't necessarily make us happy．Moreover，people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others，while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially happy，in other words，just externally and apparently delighted．The essential quality of"meaning"has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self．
We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances．Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous，war-tom areas，trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read．Their pain is real； their sense of doing something truly meaningfiil is substantial（丰富的）．They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard，even to the point of our own personal suffering，in order to gain more meaning．
The point is that these seemingly unusual and irrational （不合理的）motivations get us to do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant．But they go beyond helping people in need．They motivate us in every aspect of our lives-whether in our personal relationships，in our individual pursuits or in the workplace．

56．Whafs the main idea of the passage？（No more than 10 words）
57．Why is motivation so significant to our life？（No more than 15 words）
58．What is the meaning of the underlined word"superficially"in Paragraph 3？（No more than 1 word）
59．What can volunteers obtain working in dangerous，war-tom areas？（No more than 10 words）
60．Do you agree with the opinion that motivation is driven by a positive，external reward？Why or why not？（No more than 20 words）

Answer 1

56．How to truly understand motivation．
根据第一段第一第一句话Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives？可知，我们如何理解动机．
57．Because it drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painful．
根据第二段第一句话One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painflil可知，动机最显著的一个方面是它驱使我们去获得困难，具有挑战和痛苦的成就．
58．Externally/Apparently/Seemingly．
根据下文in other words，just externally and apparently delighted可知，换句话说，外表上和明显地高兴．
59．They can get a great sense of meaning．
根据第四段第一句话We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances可知，我们都知道人们甚至在最不高兴的环境中获得很大的价值感．
60．No，I don't．Because motivation is much more complex than that．
根据最后一段The point is that these seemingly unusual and irrational motivations get us to do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant可知，动机的驱使是复杂的．