（1）Englishiseasytolearn.英语学起来很容易.该怎么理解该句的句子结构?具体些,tolearn做什么成分?（2）Hewasverysurprisedtoseesomanymonkshereinthetown.看到镇上有很多和尚,他很吃惊.这里的不

Question

（1）English is easy to learn.
英语学起来很容易.
该怎么理解该句的句子结构?
具体些,to learn 做什么成分?
（2）He was very surprised to see so many monks here in the town.
看到镇上有很多和尚,他很吃惊.
这里的不定式to see so many monks here in the town又做什么成分呢?

Answer 1

（1）English is easy to learn.
to learn 做状语,因为句中主系表结构已经完整了,即使没有to learn对句子结构也没有影响,所以应该是状语.
这个句子的特殊之处在于to learn是一个不定式主动形式表被动含义的说法,因为English实际上是“被学”的.
有些形容词（easy,hard,difficult,heavy,comfortable等）可以用在 Sth be adj.to do结构中.（注意不是to be done哦）(还要注意这个结构中的动词do必须是及物动词,因为句中有它的宾语.如果是不及物动词要在后面加介词,保证它可以加宾语)
eg:The work is easy to do.
The box is heavy to carry.
The room is comfortable to live in.
（2）He was very surprised to see so many monks here in the town.
不定式to see so many monks here in the town是原因状语
类似结构：I'm glad to see you again.
I'm sorry to trouble you.