一句话：asapracticalmatter,ofcourse,schoolscangoonlysofarinteachingtheirstudentstomanage.Onlyhardknocksandactualworkexperiencewillfullydevelopthekindsofmanagerialtraits,skills,andvirtuesthatIhavediscussedhere.

Question

一句话：as a practical matter ,of course,schools can go only so far in teaching their students to manage.Only hard knocks and actual work experience will fully develop the kinds of managerial traits,skills,and virtues that I have discussed here.
请问这里的hard

Answer 1

hard knocks: noun. a state of misfortune or affliction [美国口语] 不幸,困苦,挫折

整段话的意思：实际上,当然,学校在教育学生管理方面只能做这么多了.只有在挫折和实际的工作经验中,他们才能发展管理特质和技巧,以及我在这里所讨论的品质.

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