Dreams-WhatDoTheyMean翻译Dreams-whatdotheymean?Dreamshavealwaysheldauniversalfascination.Someprimitivesocietiesbelievethatthesoulleavesthebodyandvisitsthesceneofthedream.Generally,however,dreamsareacceptedtob

Question

Dreams - What Do They Mean 翻译Dreams-what do they mean? Dreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusions, having much in common with day-dreams-the fantasies of our waking life. When dreaming however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be. Although most dreams apparently happen spontaneously, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. ‘Suffocation’ dreams are connected with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold, for instance. Internal disorders such as indigestion can cause vivid dreams, and dreams of racing fire-engines may be caused by the ringing of an alarm bell. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the connection between deliberately inflicted pain and dreaming. For example, a sleeper pricked with a pin perhaps dreams of fighting a battle and receiving a severe sword wound. Although the dream is stimulated by the physical discomfort, the actual events of the dream depend on the associations of the discomfort in the mind of the sleeper. A dreamer’s eyes often move rapidly from side to side. Since people born blind do not dream visually and do not manifest this eye activity, it is thought that the dreamer may be scanning the scene depicted in his dream. A certain amount of dreaming seems to be a human requirement-if a sleeper is roused every time his eyes begin to move fast, effectively depriving him of his dreams, he will make more eye movements the following night. People differ greatly in their claims to dreaming. Some say they dream every night, others only very occasionally. Individual differences probably exist, but some people immediately forget dreams and others have good recall. Superstition and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be prophetic have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the alleged power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved. Everyone knows that a sleeping dog often behaves as though he were dreaming, but it is impossible to tell what his whines and twitches really mean. By analogy with human experience, however, it is reasonable to suppose that at least the higher animals are capable of dreaming. Of the many theories of dreams, Freud’s is probably the best known. According to Freud, we revert in our dreams to the modes of thought characteristic of early childhood. Our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial and non-logical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of. Dreams are absurd and unaccountable because our conscious mind, not willing to acknowledge our subconscious ideas, disguises them.

Answer 1

梦境到底有什么含义？ 一直以来，梦境吸引着全世界的人们。早期的人类社会相信灵魂出窍时形成梦境。而现在，人们更相信梦是幻象，和我们经常做的白日梦——醒着时的幻想——差不多。不论梦有多么支离破碎，多么稀奇古怪而不合常理，做梦时，人们更情愿相信它是真的。 虽然大多数梦境都是随机发生的，但梦很可能也受外部激发形成。例如梦到窒息很可能是由于重感冒引起了呼吸困难。身体内部机能混乱，例如消化不良则会使梦境色彩鲜艳。而梦到消防车比赛很可能是由于听到了警铃大作。 试验中，科学家们给予被实验者轻微的疼痛从而看看梦境与外界施加的疼痛有什么联系。例如用图钉扎实验者时他可能会梦到自己在激烈的战斗中受到严重剑伤。虽然梦境由身体上的不适（例如被图钉扎）引起，但事实上梦境却由实验者脑海中与身体不适的联系确定（如上述例子中，身体的不适是被图钉扎，实验者会联想起被剑刺穿（因为二者引起的疼痛是一样的），从而梦到剑伤） 人做梦时眼球会迅速的从一边转向另一边。当然，先天的盲人看不到东西，我们也无法明显的看到他们会有这样的行为。人们认为这是由于睡眠者在浏览梦中的场景。做一定量的梦似乎是人体的一种要求。如果睡觉的人每次眼球一动就被叫醒——也就是说总是将将不能做梦，那么第二天晚上他睡觉时眼球会动的更多。 人们对梦的描述也大不相同。有的人天天都做梦，有的人却很少做梦。的确，个体差异存在。但有的人梦醒了就忘了梦见什么了，有的人却能很清楚地回想起梦见了什么。 人们认为梦有能力预见未来。一些迷信说法与魔术手段也来源于此。有很多例子记载了人们的梦过后成为了灵验的预言，其中有些是智力超群的人做的。目前科学还没法证明梦有能力预言未来，不过我们还是留心一下为好。大家都知道狗在睡眠时也会表现得像做梦一样。不过谁也说不清它睡觉时的的呜呜哀鸣或者偶尔痉挛表达什么。不过类比一下人类的睡眠，至少我们能断定较高等的动物都会做梦。 在所有有关解梦的理论当中，弗洛伊德的恐怕最为人熟知了。依他所说，我们在梦中会重复儿时的思考特点。我们的思维会变得固定形象而没有逻辑，从而表达出我们没有觉察到的意见与愿望（潜意识）。梦境对我们来说是荒谬而不可解释的，因为我们的意识不愿接受潜意识的想法，从而伪装成意识。