英语翻译要是有那种可以整篇翻译的工具就请把链接发上来,礼仪是国际商务谈判的重要组成部分,是每个参与者必须遵守的规则,可由于国与国之间的文化差异,对一国商人得体的礼仪,对另一

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英语翻译
要是有那种可以整篇翻译的工具就请把链接发上来,
礼仪是国际商务谈判的重要组成部分,是每个参与者必须遵守的规则,可由于国与国之间的文化差异,对一国商人得体的礼仪,对另一国商人则显得不得体,甚至是失礼,从而产生误会、摩擦,有时竟导致商务谈判失败.作为国际商务谈判人员,了解这些文化差异并采取相应的措施就显得十分必要.
一、国际商务谈判礼仪与文化差异概述
礼仪是指在人际交往之中,自始至终地以一定的、约定俗成的程序、方式来表现的律己、敬人的完整行为.所谓商务谈判礼仪,就是指在长期的商务谈判交往过程中,满足迎合文化的适应性而形成的行为或活动的规范.
国际商务谈判礼仪的作用一是律己,二是敬人,三是反映国家的文明程度.所谓律己,就是用一定的礼仪来规范自己的行为,表现出良好的内在修养,不仅使自己充满自信,而且获得对方的尊重.所谓敬人,就是通过一定的礼仪,更好地向对方表达尊重,友好与善意,增进彼此的信任和友谊.所谓反映国家的文明程度,是因为国际商务谈判是跨国界的商务活动,它不仅仅是个体行为,而且是一个民族行为.得体的礼仪在一定程度上反映了一个国家、一个民族的文明、文化程度和社会风尚.
文化通常是指人类的全部知识和习俗的总合.而文化差异是指不同国家、不同地区、不同民族在历史、经济、文化传统及风俗习惯等方面的差异.对于国际商务谈判中的文化差异,一般应采取承认、了解、理解和尊重的态度和原则.
国际商务谈判礼仪的主要表现形式为：服饰礼仪,见面礼仪,洽谈礼仪和馈赠礼品礼仪.
洽谈礼仪
商务谈判的过程,就是双方洽谈的过程.任何成功的谈判,都是双方洽谈的结果.而任何洽谈,都有一定的礼仪.要想洽谈成功,就必须遵守洽谈礼仪.
语言礼仪.语言是人类进行信息交流的符号系统.谈判语言要做到既恰当又礼貌.所谓恰当,就是根据谈判需要,该明确时明确,该模糊时模糊.所谓礼貌,就是言语、动作谦虚恭敬,不讲粗话,侮辱人格的话.
非言语礼仪.非言语沟通是指不通过语言而传达出意思的沟通.有关研究表明,一个人所用的词语远不及形体语言所传递的信息重要.据研究者估计,观众只能听懂整个信息的实际内容的10%,大约30%归功于一个讲话人声音的高音和次中音,60%的信息来源于非言语交流.非言语礼仪包括目光礼仪,面部表情礼仪,手势礼仪,身体空间礼仪及沉默礼仪.非言语礼仪是一门真正的艺术 — 主要由于它随着文化的不同而有很大的出入.在一种文化中的欢乐的手势,可能在另一种文化中表示粗野的侮辱.点头,在中国、美国和加拿大,表示“同意”.但在保加利亚和尼泊尔,点头表示“不同意”.同日本人讲话时,他们点头仅表示“理解”,并不表示“同意”.美国人认为眼睛正视对方是诚实和真诚的象征；而在日本和中国则认为是不礼貌的.
总之,国际商务谈判礼仪是国际商务人员必须遵守的行为准则.但由于各国的文化差异,对一个国家有礼的行为,在另一个国家可能是失礼的.作为成功的商务谈判人员,无论面对哪种文化,恰当的礼仪意味着在尊敬别人的前提下,保持自己的价值观,不需要卑屈地仿效它国的礼仪来讨好对方,只须了解对方的文化习俗,熟悉文化差异,以免失礼,冒犯对方,或产生不愉快,导致商务谈判失败
本文为想要了解跨文化商务沟通的基本理论和实践经验的广大学者提供了理想的平台及内容涵盖了文化差异、文化和沟通、商业利益以及跨文化商务谈判等内容能帮助读者看懂世界上有关跨文化商务沟通的基本理论和,培养相应的阅读能力,积累一定数量的专业词汇,培养用英语讨论和表达相关内容的能力.

Answer 1

Etiquette is international business negotiation is an important part of each participant must abide by the rules, but because between countries of the cultural differences in one country businessman appropriate etiquette, to the other country businessman appears inappropriate, even is considered, which produce misunderstanding, friction, sometimes have cause the commercial negotiations fail. As an international business negotiations personnel, understand the cultural differences and adopt corresponding measures becomes very important.
? ? a, international business negotiations etiquette and cultural differences overview
? ? etiquette is to point to in interpersonal interaction among the beginning with certain, customary procedures and expressing the self-restraint and respect for individual integrity behavior. "Business negotiation etiquette, is refers to the long-term business negotiation association the process, satisfy the adaptability of catering to culture formed the standard of conduct or activity.
? ? international business negotiation etiquette is the role of a self-restraint, 2 it is respect for others, the third is to reflect a nation's civilization. So-called self-restraint, even with a certain etiquette to regulate their own behavior, demonstrated good intrinsic tutelage, not only make yourself confident, and win respect. So-called respect for others, is through certain etiquette, better to express respect each other, friendly and goodwill, enhance mutual trust and friendship. So-called reflect a nation's civilization, and because of international business negotiations are cross-border business activity, it is not just the individual behavior, and is a national behavior. Appropriate etiquette in a certain extent reflect a nation, a nation's civilization, education and society as a whole.
? ? culture typically refers to all human knowledge and customs of the aggregate. And cultural differences refers to different countries, different regions, different nationalities in history, economy, culture, traditions and customs of the differences. For international business negotiations of cultural differences, generally should adopt admit, understanding and respect the attitudes and principles.
? ? international business negotiation etiquette for the major forms: dress etiquette, meet the etiquette, negotiate etiquette and gift etiquette.
? ? ? ? ? ? negotiate etiquette
? ? business negotiation process, it is both sides negotiate process. Any successful negotiation, all is the two parties shall negotiate in results. And any negotiations, has certain etiquette. Want to negotiate the success, you must abide by negotiation etiquette.
? ? language etiquette. Language is human exchange of information system of signs. Negotiation language must be accomplished already appropriate and polite. The so-called right, is according to the negotiations, the clear need explicit, the fuzzy fuzzy. So-called polite words, action, is courtesy, abandon harsh words, humiliating words.
? ? nonverbal etiquette. Nonverbal communication is one that is not through language and conveys meaning of communication. Relevant research shows that a personal use words than body language message important. According to the researchers estimate that the audience can only understand the whole information of the actual content of 10%, about 30% attributed to a speaker voice treble and times the mediant, 60% of the information derived from non-verbal communication. Nonverbal etiquette including eye etiquette, facial expressions, gestures, body etiquette space etiquette and etiquette silence etiquette. Nonverbal etiquette is a real art - mainly because it along with different cultures differ greatly. In a culture of gestures, may the joy in another culture said rough insult. Nod, in China, the United States and Canada, said "agree". But in Bulgaria and Nepal, nodding means "do not agree. The Japanese talk, they nod says only "understanding", it doesn't mean "agree". Americans believe that eyes look the person is honest and sincere; symbol But in Japan and China is considered impolite.
? ? anyhow, international business negotiation etiquette is international business personnel must abide by the code of conduct. But since countries of the cultural differences of a country and courteous behavior, in another country might be impolite. As a successful business negotiations personnel, in front of which culture, proper manners means that in respect of the premise, keep your own values, do not need to imitate it may humble etiquette to impress the other countries, just know each other's cultures, familiar with cultural differences, lest disrespect, offend each other, or unhappy, cause the commercial negotiations fail
This article for wants to know cross-culture business communication the basic theory and practice experience of many scholars offers the ideal platform and content covers the cultural differences, culture and communication, commercial interests and intercultural business negotiation content can help the reader understand the world about intercultural business communication, the basic theory and develop the corresponding reading ability, accumulated a certain number of specialized training in English vocabulary, discussion and express related content ability.