英语翻译1.2.PreviousstudiesSchafferwasoneofthepioneersinthefieldofcomputeraidedprogressivediedesign[1].In1971,hedevelopedPDDC(ProgressiveDieDesignbyComputer).Later,awidenumberofresearchersfollowedtheissueanddevelo

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英语翻译
1.2.Previous studies
Schaffer was one of the pioneers in the field of computer aided progressive die design [1].In 1971,he developed PDDC (Progressive Die Design by Computer).Later,a wide number of researchers followed the issue and developed different systems to automate progressive die design.Some of these systems were capable of automating different activities of progressive die design including nesting,strip layout,material selection,die component design and so on.However,only a few researchers have done work on an integrated piloting module.In some systems,pilots were selected by the user [2].Whilst in other systems the geometry of the workpiece was limited in the way that appropriate pilots were predefined [3],[4],[5] and [6].Kumar and Singh are pioneers in that they considered piloting to be an individual concept in their system [7] and [8].They developed a rulebased expert system to automate progressive die design.The system is designed in AutoCAD environments.It interacts with the user to get information about the workpiece and gives technical advice according to design rules.

Answer 1

1.2.以往的研究
谢弗是在计算机辅助级进模设计领域的先驱之一[1]. 1971年,他开发PDDC（级进模设计的计算机）.后来,研究人员的广泛数字后面的问题,并制定不同的系统来自动级进模设计.其中一些系统是能够自动级进模设计不同的活动,包括嵌套,带状布局,材料选用,模具组件设计等等.然而,只有少数研究人员做了一个集成模块试点工作.在一些系统中,导频是由用户选择的[2].而在其它系统中的工件的几何形状的方式,适当的飞行员被预定义的有限[3],[4],[5]和[6].库马尔和辛格是在开拓者,他们认为试点是在他们的系统中的个人概念[7]和[8].他们开发出一种基于规则的专家系统自动级进模设计.该系统被设计在AutoCAD环境.它交互与用户,以获取有关工件信息,并根据设计规则提供技术咨询.
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