直接引语如何变间接引语

Question

直接引语如何变间接引语

Answer 1

1、时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句的谓语是现在时态,从句的时态用原来的时态；若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要变为相对应的过去时态,即一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时等等,(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语可以不变).另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can,may等,也应变成过去式could,might等(情态动词must可以变为hadto,也可不变,should,oughtto,hadbetter等可以不变)如：
“Iliketoplaygames.”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshelikedtoplaygames.
“Itwillrainsoon,”hesaid.→Hesaidthatitwouldrainsoon.
注：若直接引语为客观真理,人或事物所惯有的特征时变为间接引语时时态不变.如：
Theteachersaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
2、代词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时人称变化要根据说者、听者或第三者作出相应的变化,同时指示代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出相应的变化.
（this改为that,these改为those等）如：
Hesaid,“Youarewrong.”→Hesaidthathewaswrong.
Hesaid,“Ithinkthisisthebest.”→Hesaidthathethoughtthatwasthebest.
3、时间状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,如果主句的主语是一般过去时,从句的时间状语要作出适当的改变.其规则是：now改为then,today改为thatday,tonight改为thatnight,yesterday改为thedaybefore,thismonth改为thatmonth,lastweek改为theweekbefore,ago改为before,threeyearsago改为threeyearsbefore,tomorrow改为thenextday,nextyear改为thenextyear等.如：Hesaid,“I’mverybusynow.”→Hesaidthathewasverybusythen.
Lucysaid,“IwillgotoBeijingnextyear.”→LucysaidthatshewouldgotoBeijingthenextyear.
4、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,引语中的地点副词here和动词come改为there和go.如：
Shesaid,“Iwillcomeheretonight.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatnight.
5、语序的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,疑问句语序要变为陈述句语序,问号变句号,并且直接引语中的一般疑问句不能用that来引导,而要用if或whether,特殊疑问句仍用原疑问词来作连接词.如：
Heasked,“Doyouknowthisman?”→Heaskedif/whetherIknewthatman.
Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoingnow?”→Sheaskedwhatyouweredoingthen.
6、句式的变化
如：