GlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellite-basedsystemsprovideturn-by-turndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.Buttheycanalsocausealotofproblemss

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       Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often says Barry Brown it is a combination of the two.
       Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm Sweden. The center studies human-computer interaction or HCI especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.
       Barry Brown: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again the GPS is kind of “garbage in garbage out ”. Mr. Brown says this is a common human error. But he says what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings or failures of GPS equipment.

Barry Brown: “One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”

Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California San Diego. While there he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you’re doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.” Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.

“The Normal Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.