关于亚当斯密《国富论》和科斯《企业的性质》的问题可以用中文回答本人经济不好希望借鉴答Themastergun-maker-theentrepreneur-seldompossessedafactoryorworkshop.Usuallyheownedmerelyawarehouseintheg

Question

关于亚当斯密《国富论》和科斯《企业的性质》的问题 可以用中文回答 本人经济不好 希望借鉴答
The master gun-maker-the entrepreneur-seldom possessed a factory or workshop.Usually he owned merely a warehouse in the gun quarter,and his function was to acquire semifinsihed parts and to give those out to specialized craftsmen,who undertook assembly and finishing of the gun.Her purchased material from barrel-makers,lockmakers,sight-stampers,trigger-makers,ramrod-forgers,gun-furniture makers,and if he were engaged in the military branch,from bayonet-forgers.All of these were independent manufacturers executing the orders of several master gun-makers.Once the parts had been purchased from the “material-makers,” as they were called,the next task was to hand them out to a long succession of “setters-up,” each of whom performed a specific operation in connection with the assembly and finishing of the gun.To name only a few,there were those who prepared the front sight and lump end of the barrels; the jiggers,who attended to the breech end; the stockers,who let in the barrel and lock and shaped the stock; the barrel-strippers,who prepared the gun for rifling and proof; the hardeners,polishers,borers and riflers,engravers,browners,and finally the lock-freers,who adjusted the working parts.
1.Drawing from your reading of the Wealth of Nations’ excerpt,describe why production of guns was organized in the above fashion.In other words,discus the efficiencies associated with the production process detailed above.What does the structure of production imply about the extent of the market for rifles?
2.Drawing upon ideas presented in Coase’s The Nature of the Firm,explain why coordination of the many tasks of producing guns does not occur in vertically integrated firms.In other words,what characteristics of the above industry account for the low costs of organizing production through a series of market exchanges between independent workers?( Focus on the three main types of transaction costs Coase described and give reason why these costs werer relatively low in the above industry,making market coordination efficient.)

Answer 1

1.Based on Adam's theory,seperating whole working prosesses is the way which creating the huge profits,decreasing the cost and generating economies of scale for enterprise.This could be used to explain why the gun-makers would use kind of production strategy.Everyone just needs to focus on special work.It will improve the working efficiency dramatically.It is typical applications in the fields of market economy and free trade.
2.That is one of differences between vertically integrated firms and horizontally inatetrated firms.The coordination of the many tasks cannot be embedded into vertically integrated firms which have many levels."Coase noted,however,that there are a number of transaction costs to using the market; the cost of obtaining a good or service via the market is actually more than just the price of the good.Other costs,including search and information costs,bargaining costs,keeping trade secrets,and policing and enforcement costs,can all potentially add to the cost of procuring something via the market.This suggests that firms will arise when they can arrange to produce what they need internally and somehow avoid these costs." (Coase 1937) Based on above explaination,it could say the costs were relatively low.
hope useful.