Doyouhaveanickname（昵称）？Mostofusdobyourlooks，clothing，orpersonality．Butforcities，themeaningoftheirnicknameshasmuchmerethanthatManybigcitieshavenicknames，suchasNewYork-TheBigApple，London-TheGreatSmog

Question

Do you have a nickname（昵称）？Most of us do byour looks，clothing，or personality．But for cities，the meaning of theirnicknames has much mere than that
Many big cities have nicknames，such as New York-TheBig Apple，London-The Great Smog，and Rome-The Eternal City．Whydo cities have such nicknames？
In the 1920s，there were many races in New York．Peoplecalled the prizes of these races apples Writer John J．Eitz Gerald first calledNew York the Big Apple，because New York is the placethat many people dreamed of going to the biggest prize of all．
For Rome，as the name suggests，the answer is simple．Romans believed that no matterwhat happened to the world，Romewould go on forever．Rome has been an important center of power {权利）for more than 2，000 years．
As for London，in the Victorian period it had problems withits air Later in 1952，serious air pollution made 10，000people fall ill．Butnow the air of London has become better．Sounds interesting．Does your city have a nickname？
59．How do most of people get their nicknames？___
60．What is London's nickname？___
61．Who first called New York the Big Apple？___
62．How long has Rome been an important center of power？___
63．Why did 10，000people in Londonfall ill in 1952？___．

Answer 1

59．By theirlooks，clothing，or personality，细节题，根据文章"Most of us do byour looks，clothing，or personality．"（我们大多数人因为我们的外貌、服饰、或者是个性而有自己的昵称．），故答案为By theirlooks，clothing，or personality．
60．The Great Smog  细节题，根据文章"such as New York-TheBig Apple，London-The Great Smog，and Rome-The Eternal City"（像是纽约--大苹果，伦敦--雾都，以及罗马--不朽城），故答案为The Great Smog．
61．John J Fitz Gerald 细节题，根据文章"Writer John J．Eitz Gerald first calledNew York the Big Apple62 For more than 2，000years"（作家John J．Eitz Gerald是第一个称纽约为大苹果的人．）故答案为John J Fitz Gerald．
62．more than 2，000 years 细节题，根据文章"Rome has been an important center of power {权利）for more than 2，000 years．"（罗马在2000多年里是重要的权利中心．）故答案为more than 2，000 years．
63．Because of serious air pollution．细节题，根据文章"serious air pollution made 10，000people fall ill"（严重的空气污染让一万人生病），故答案为 Because of serious air pollution．