Ingeneral,leafN,P,K,Mg,FeandCucontentswerelowerintheorganicmanuretreatmentcomparedtothatofinorganicnutrientsolution.Reductionsinplantgrowthandyieldinorganicmanuretreatmentmaybeattributedtotheloweruptakeduetothelow

Question

In general,leaf N,P,K,Mg,Fe and Cu contents were lower in the organicmanure treatment compared to that of inorganic nutrient solution.Reductions in plant growth and yield in organic manure treatment may be attributed to the
lower uptake due to the lower availability and slower release of nutrients from organic sources.In the spring,organic nutrition resulted in lower yields compared to inorganic nutrient solution,and the use of organic nutrient solution gave higher yield than solid organic manure.Yield reductions in solid organic manure treatment are in agreement with the yields obtained in fall.These findings indicate that plants preferably take up the mineral nutrients dissolved in the soil solution,which are easily accessible to the roots.Mengel and Kirkby (2001) state that plants supplied with organic fertilizers initially take up the inorganic fractions of these organic materials,thus the solution that is directly available to plant roots is of particular importance.Low availability of nitrogen in the composition of organic matter is very well known.Similarly,above cited authors also report that the amount of nutrients which contacts directly with the plant roots is rather small within the overall nutrient demand.Therefore,transportation of nutrients towards the rhizosphere and root surface by mass flow and diffusion are more important than interception.In the case of substrates,yield displayed an increasing trend in perlite-based media.This conclusion can be related to higher water holding capacity of perlite-based media compared to that of tuff-based.The results of this study are in accordance with findings of Gu¨l et al.(2003).Under the light of previous reports of Harland et al.(1999) and Gu¨ l et al.(2005),our hypothesis regarding clinoptilolite additions into perlite and tuff was to improve plant growth and yield due to the increase in the uptake of nutrients especially in organic nutrition.In this study,contrasting to this idea,increasing amount of clinoptilolite in tuff medium fertilized with organic manure resulted in lower yields.Compared to perlite media,the low water holding capacity of clinoptilolite as well as tuff might have decreased the humidity in rooting zone,which is of particular importance in organic nutrition.It was concluded that nutrient solution derived from organic manure can be a promising technique compared to solid manure application for organic nutrition of vegetables in substrate culture.

Answer 1

总之,使用的有机肥料中氮、磷、钾、镁、铁和铜组分比无机营养液低.使用有机肥料对植株成长程度和产量减少的影响可能取决于营养物质的低含量和有机质的释放速度.在春季,与无机营养液相比,使用有机肥料产量低,但使用有机营养液得到的产量高于固体有机营养物.使用固体有机营养物减产的结果与使用在秋季得到的结果相同.这些结果显示,植物更容易获得溶解态的矿物质营养,因为更易被根部吸收.Mengel和Kirkby (2001)曾说过,给植物施有机肥料时,有机质中的无机部分先被溶解,因此,这些部分首先被根部直接吸收,这一点非常重要.在复合有机肥料中营养物含量低是众所周知的.相似的,上面提到的作者也提出,与植物根部直接接触的营养物在其所需的全部营养物质中只是一小部分.因此,营养物质通过大量循环和扩散向根际和根表面的运输比接触更重要.在培养基实验中,植株在珍珠岩培养基perlite-based media拿不准）中产量有上升的趋势.这一结果与珍珠岩培养基比凝灰岩培养基具有很强的存水能力有关.本研究的结果与of Gu¨l 等人(2003)的实验结果一致.在Harland 等人(1999) and Gu¨ l 等人(2005)研究的指引下,我们提出了在珍珠岩和凝灰岩培养集中加入发沸石（clinoptilolite）提高营养物质特别是有机营养物的吸收以提高植物生长速度和产量的假设.这次研究中,根据上述假设,我们给产量低的植株所用的加油有机肥料的凝灰岩培养基中逐渐增加发沸石的量.与
珍珠岩培养基相比,同样存水能力低的发沸石和凝灰岩降低了根部区域的湿度,对有机物吸收产生很大负面影响.我们推断,从有机肥料中溶解出营养物溶液是一项非常有前景的技术,与固体肥料相比,在蔬菜无土栽培应用可以体现更好的前景.
仅供参考,